Biology Cell Theory and Types

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of cell does not have a membrane-bound nucleus?

Eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic cells (correct)

Animal cells

Plant cells

All living things are made up of one or more cells.

True

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

It controls all the activities in a cell and contains genetic information.

Prokaryotes are _____ organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

single-celled Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is responsible for supporting the cell and regulating exchanges of substances?

Cell Membrane Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their primary functions:

Nucleus = Controls cell activities and contains genetic information Cell Membrane = Regulates exchange of substances Cytoplasm = Site of chemical reactions and nutrient transport Chloroplast = Photosynthesis in plant cells Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic cells are always multicellular organisms.

False Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the nucleus and contains pores for material transport?

Nuclear envelope Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is known as the 'power plant' of the cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Lysosomes are found in both plant and animal cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Protein assembly Signup and view all the answers

The central vacuole in plant cells primarily stores __________.

water Signup and view all the answers

What structure is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?

Golgi Apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their functions:

Nucleus = Control center of the cell Vacuole = Storage of substances Lysosome = Digestion and waste removal Rough ER = Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cell are lysosomes found?

Animal cells Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell.

Cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What are Eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells or eukaryotes are single-celled or multicellular organisms with a complex internal organization. Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotes, or prokaryotic cells are ________________ organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus

Single-celled Signup and view all the answers

What is phenylketonuria (PKU) and phenylalanine?

This is when the baby's body does not have a specific enzyme to digest the amino acid phenylketonuria. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Theory

All living things are made of one or more cells, or their byproducts.
Cells are the basic unit of life, capable of carrying out all life processes.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells, not from non-living matter.

Types of Cells

Prokaryotic cells: These are the most ancient cell type, still found today. They are simple, single-celled organisms lacking a membrane-bound nucleus. A key example is bacteria cells.
Eukaryotic cells: These are more complex cells that can exist as single or multicellular organisms. They have a more complex internal organization, including a nucleus. Examples include amoebas, plants, and animals.

Cell Organelles

Cells contain smaller parts called organelles, each with specific functions for maintaining life processes.
Some organelles are common to both plant and animal cells while others differ.

Cell Membrane

A flexible, protective barrier that holds the cell's contents and regulates the exchange of substances.
It communicates with other cells and provides support.
Composed of a phospholipid bilayer, where the outside of the membrane is hydrophilic (attracted to water) and the inside is hydrophobic (repelled by water).
Also a semi-permeable membrane, controlling what substances enter and leave the cell.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance filling the cell.
Surrounds the organelles.
Contains nutrients needed by the cell and is where many chemical reactions occur.
Allows movement of nutrients and organelles within the cell.

Nucleus

Controls all cell activities and contains all genetic information (DNA).
Surrounded by a nuclear envelope with pores to allow material transport.

Inside the Nucleus

Genetic information is stored in chromosomes.
Chromosomes contain DNA, which carries coded instructions for all cell activities.
The nucleolus is a dense region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made. (Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell).

Vacuoles

Membrane-bound, fluid-filled organelles that store nutrients, wastes, and other substances.
In plant cells, a large central vacuole stores water, maintaining cell firmness.
Animal cells have smaller vacuoles.

Mitochondria

Often called the "power plants" of the cell.
They convert chemical energy (from sugar) into energy usable by the cell (cellular respiration).

Lysosomes

Small, round organelles filled with enzymes.
Digest invading bacteria or damaged cell parts.
Only found in animal cells.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of interconnected tubes that transports materials within the cell.
Rough ER: Associated with protein production, studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER: Associated with fat and oil production, lacks ribosomes.

Golgi Apparatus

Receives proteins from the ER.
Modifies, sorts, and packages them for delivery within or outside the cell.
Involved in mucus production.
Looks like a stack of flattened membranes.

Cytoskeleton

An internal network of protein fibers that maintains the cell's shape.

Organelles in Plant Cells

Only certain organelles are found specifically in plant cells, like the cell wall.
The cell wall is a rigid structure providing strength, protection, and support.

Chloroplasts

Found in plant cells and some algae.
Contain chlorophyll, which uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen (photosynthesis).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on cell theory, the types of cells, and the organelles that make up living organisms. This quiz covers fundamental concepts essential for understanding biology, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Dive into the components that help sustain life at the cellular level.