Cell Structure and Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the cell theory state?

  • All organisms are made of cells.
  • All cells are produced by other living cells.
  • The cell is the most basic unit of life.
  • All of the above. (correct)
  • What is cytoplasm?

    Jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and, in some cells, organelles.

    What is an organelle?

    Membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell.

    A prokaryotic cell has a nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Supports and shapes the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nucleus store?

    <p>Most of a cell's DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Produces, processes, and distributes proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What links amino acids together?

    <p>Ribosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Processes, sorts, and delivers proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are vesicles used for?

    <p>Transporting materials within the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria?

    <p>Supplies energy to the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a vacuole store?

    <p>Materials such as water, food, or enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a lysosome contain?

    <p>Enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a centriole?

    <p>Aids mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cell wall?

    <p>Rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do chloroplasts convert?

    <p>Solar energy into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phospholipid?

    <p>Molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid mosaic model?

    <p>Describes the arrangement and movement of molecules that make up a cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does selective permeability refer to?

    <p>Allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of receptors in cells?

    <p>Detect a signal molecule and perform an action in response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is passive transport?

    <p>Movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion?

    <p>Movement of dissolved molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concentration gradient?

    <p>Difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>Diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes an isotonic solution?

    <p>A solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a hypertonic solution?

    <p>A solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a hypotonic solution?

    <p>A solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is active transport?

    <p>Energy-requiring movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is endocytosis?

    <p>Uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phagocytosis?

    <p>Uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is exocytosis?

    <p>Release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Theory

    • All organisms consist of cells; cells are the fundamental units of life.
    • Cells arise from pre-existing living cells.

    Cytoplasm

    • Jellylike substance found within cells, containing molecules and organelles.

    Organelles

    • Specialized, membrane-bound structures within cells that perform distinct functions.

    Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus and other specialized membrane-bound organelles.

    Cytoskeleton

    • A network of proteins, including microtubules and microfilaments, that provides support and shape to eukaryotic cells.

    Nucleus

    • Double-membrane organelle that stores most of a cell’s DNA.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

    • Network of folded membranes involved in protein production, processing, and distribution.

    Ribosomes

    • Organelles responsible for linking amino acids to form proteins, can be free-floating or attached to the ER.

    Golgi Apparatus

    • Stack of membrane-enclosed spaces that processes, sorts, and delivers proteins.

    Vesicles

    • Small organelles that transport materials within the cytoplasm.

    Mitochondrion

    • Energy-producing organelle with its own ribosomes and DNA, often referred to as the cell's power plant.

    Vacuoles

    • Organelles used for storing materials such as water, food, or enzymes.

    Lysosomes

    • Organelles containing enzymes that function in digestion and waste processing.

    Centrioles

    • Cylinder-shaped organelles composed of protein tubes, aiding in cell division (mitosis).

    Cell Wall

    • Rigid structure providing protection, support, and shape to plant, algae, fungal, and bacterial cells.

    Chloroplast

    • Organelles that convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, contain chlorophyll.

    Cell Membrane

    • Double-layer of phospholipids that serves as a barrier between the cell and its environment, regulating material passage.

    Phospholipid

    • Glycerol molecule with a phosphate group and two fatty acids, crucial in forming cell membranes.

    Fluid Mosaic Model

    • Describes the arrangement and movement of molecules within a cell membrane.

    Selective Permeability

    • Quality of a membrane that allows certain substances to cross while blocking others.

    Transport Processes

    • Passive transport requires no energy for molecules to move across membranes.
    • Diffusion is the movement from regions of higher to lower concentration.
    • Osmosis is the specific diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
    • Isotonic solutions have equal concentrations; hypertonic has higher; hypotonic has lower compared to another solution.
    • Facilitated diffusion involves protein channels assisting molecule movement.
    • Active transport is energy-dependent movement from lower to higher concentration.

    Endocytosis and Exocytosis

    • Endocytosis is the process of taking in liquids or large molecules through membrane folding.
    • Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis that involves engulfing solid particles.
    • Exocytosis is the release of substances from a cell via vesicle fusion with the membrane.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of cell theory, organelles, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This quiz covers important details about cell structures such as the cytoplasm, nucleus, and ribosomes, as well as their roles in cellular functions.

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