Cell Structure and Functions Quiz

Questions and Answers

What does the cell theory state?

All organisms are made of cells.

All cells are produced by other living cells.

The cell is the most basic unit of life.

All of the above. (correct)

What is cytoplasm?

Jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and, in some cells, organelles.

What is an organelle?

Membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell.

A prokaryotic cell has a nucleus.

False Signup and view all the answers

A eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Supports and shapes the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleus store?

Most of a cell's DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Produces, processes, and distributes proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What links amino acids together?

Ribosome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Processes, sorts, and delivers proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What are vesicles used for?

Transporting materials within the cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria?

Supplies energy to the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What does a vacuole store?

Materials such as water, food, or enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What does a lysosome contain?

Enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a centriole?

Aids mitosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cell wall?

Rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells. Signup and view all the answers

What do chloroplasts convert?

Solar energy into chemical energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is a phospholipid?

Molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid mosaic model?

Describes the arrangement and movement of molecules that make up a cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What does selective permeability refer to?

Allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of receptors in cells?

Detect a signal molecule and perform an action in response. Signup and view all the answers

What is passive transport?

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input. Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

Movement of dissolved molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is a concentration gradient?

Difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis?

Diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What describes an isotonic solution?

A solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution. Signup and view all the answers

What describes a hypertonic solution?

A solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution. Signup and view all the answers

What describes a hypotonic solution?

A solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is facilitated diffusion?

Diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels. Signup and view all the answers

What is active transport?

Energy-requiring movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is endocytosis?

Uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is phagocytosis?

Uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle. Signup and view all the answers

What is exocytosis?

Release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Theory

All organisms consist of cells; cells are the fundamental units of life.
Cells arise from pre-existing living cells.

Cytoplasm

Jellylike substance found within cells, containing molecules and organelles.

Organelles

Specialized, membrane-bound structures within cells that perform distinct functions.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus and other specialized membrane-bound organelles.

Cytoskeleton

A network of proteins, including microtubules and microfilaments, that provides support and shape to eukaryotic cells.

Nucleus

Double-membrane organelle that stores most of a cell’s DNA.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Network of folded membranes involved in protein production, processing, and distribution.

Ribosomes

Organelles responsible for linking amino acids to form proteins, can be free-floating or attached to the ER.

Golgi Apparatus

Stack of membrane-enclosed spaces that processes, sorts, and delivers proteins.

Vesicles

Small organelles that transport materials within the cytoplasm.

Mitochondrion

Energy-producing organelle with its own ribosomes and DNA, often referred to as the cell's power plant.

Vacuoles

Organelles used for storing materials such as water, food, or enzymes.

Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes that function in digestion and waste processing.

Centrioles

Cylinder-shaped organelles composed of protein tubes, aiding in cell division (mitosis).

Cell Wall

Rigid structure providing protection, support, and shape to plant, algae, fungal, and bacterial cells.

Chloroplast

Organelles that convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, contain chlorophyll.

Cell Membrane

Double-layer of phospholipids that serves as a barrier between the cell and its environment, regulating material passage.

Phospholipid

Glycerol molecule with a phosphate group and two fatty acids, crucial in forming cell membranes.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Describes the arrangement and movement of molecules within a cell membrane.

Selective Permeability

Quality of a membrane that allows certain substances to cross while blocking others.

Transport Processes

Passive transport requires no energy for molecules to move across membranes.
Diffusion is the movement from regions of higher to lower concentration.
Osmosis is the specific diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Isotonic solutions have equal concentrations; hypertonic has higher; hypotonic has lower compared to another solution.
Facilitated diffusion involves protein channels assisting molecule movement.
Active transport is energy-dependent movement from lower to higher concentration.

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Endocytosis is the process of taking in liquids or large molecules through membrane folding.
Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis that involves engulfing solid particles.
Exocytosis is the release of substances from a cell via vesicle fusion with the membrane.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of cell theory, organelles, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This quiz covers important details about cell structures such as the cytoplasm, nucleus, and ribosomes, as well as their roles in cellular functions.