Biology Branches and Cell Biology new

Branches of Biology

• Botany: study of plants
• Zoology: study of animals
• Microbiology: study of microorganisms
• Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
• Biochemistry: study of chemical processes in living organisms
• Molecular Biology: study of biological molecules and their interactions
• Genetics: study of heredity and variation
• Evolutionary Biology: study of evolution and diversity of life

Cell Biology

• Cell: basic unit of life
• Cell membrane: semipermeable membrane surrounding the cell
• Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
• Nucleus: control center of the cell
• Mitochondria: generate energy for the cell
• Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis

Genetics

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): genetic material
• Genes: segments of DNA that code for traits
• Traits: characteristics of an organism
• Inheritance: passing of traits from parents to offspring
• Dominant and recessive alleles: different forms of a gene
• Punnett squares: diagrams used to predict offspring traits

Evolution

• Theory of Evolution: explains diversity of life on Earth
• Natural Selection: process by which organisms adapt to their environment
• Speciation: formation of new species
• Fossil Record: evidence of evolutionary history
• Comparative Anatomy and Embryology: studies of similarities and differences between organisms

Ecosystems

• Ecosystem: community of organisms and their environment
• Producers: organisms that make their own food (plants, algae)
• Consumers: organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms
• Decomposers: organisms that break down dead organic matter
• Food Chains and Webs: diagrams showing energy flow through ecosystems

Branches of Biology

• Botany is the study of plants.
• Zoology is the study of animals.
• Microbiology is the study of microorganisms.
• Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
• Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms.
• Molecular Biology is the study of biological molecules and their interactions.
• Genetics is the study of heredity and variation.
• Evolutionary Biology is the study of evolution and diversity of life.

Cell Biology

• The cell is the basic unit of life.
• The cell membrane is a semipermeable membrane surrounding the cell.
• Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane.
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
• Mitochondria generate energy for the cell.
• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Genetics

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material.
• Genes are segments of DNA that code for traits.
• Traits are characteristics of an organism.
• Inheritance is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
• Dominant and recessive alleles are different forms of a gene.
• Punnett squares are diagrams used to predict offspring traits.

Evolution

• The Theory of Evolution explains the diversity of life on Earth.
• Natural Selection is the process by which organisms adapt to their environment.
• Speciation is the formation of new species.
• The Fossil Record provides evidence of evolutionary history.
• Comparative Anatomy and Embryology involve the study of similarities and differences between organisms.

Ecosystems

• An ecosystem is a community of organisms and their environment.
• Producers are organisms that make their own food (plants, algae).
• Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
• Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organic matter.
• Food Chains and Webs are diagrams showing energy flow through ecosystems.