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Biology: Bioenergetics and Energy
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Biology: Bioenergetics and Energy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of bioenergetics?

  • The mechanism of biochemical reactions
  • The rate of biochemical reactions
  • The initial and final energy states of reaction components (correct)
  • The chemical structure of reactants and products
  • What are biological energy transformations governed by?

  • The laws of motion
  • The laws of electromagnetism
  • The laws of thermodynamics (correct)
  • The laws of gravity
  • What is the goal of bioenergetics?

  • To measure the rate of biochemical reactions
  • To study the mechanism of biochemical reactions
  • To describe how living organisms acquire and transform energy (correct)
  • To analyze the chemical structure of reactants and products
  • What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

    <p>The total amount of energy in the universe remains constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation between Gibbs free energy and biological work?

    <p>Gibbs free energy is the energy capable of doing biological work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of living organisms in terms of energy?

    <p>They cannot create or destroy energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate source of energy on Earth?

    <p>Sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do modern organisms use to synthesize complex macromolecules?

    <p>Chemical energy in fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the quantitative study of energy transductions in living cells?

    <p>Bioenergetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of bioenergetics related to ATP?

    <p>To describe the special role of ATP in biological energy exchanges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do living organisms carry out to stay alive?

    <p>Energy transductions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do living organisms convert chemical energy into?

    <p>Concentration gradients, electrical gradients, motion, heat, and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of ΔG in an exergonic reaction?

    <p>&lt; 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an endergonic reaction?

    <p>requires an input of free energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of ΔH?

    <p>both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of ΔH in an exothermic reaction?

    <p>&lt; 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is entropy (S) a measure of?

    <p>the randomness or disorder in a system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the release of free energy in an endergonic reaction?

    <p>ΔG = Gproducts - Greactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP production per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

    <p>Eight molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gluconeogenesis in cells?

    <p>To synthesize glucose from carbon-containing biomolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Acetyl coenzyme A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of energy flow during glycolysis?

    <p>From ADP to ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of glycolysis that can be used in other metabolic pathways?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the energy of the electrons in the electron transport chain?

    <p>The storage of energy in the form of a proton gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATPsynthase in the formation of ATP?

    <p>To drive the rotation of part of the enzyme to join ADP and Pi to form ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of the protons pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>Hydrogen from NADH and FADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the electrons ultimately end up in the electron transport chain?

    <p>In complex IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

    <p>To form water with protons and electrons in complex IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

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