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Questions and Answers
What is the net yield of ATP molecules per glucose molecule during oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the net yield of ATP molecules per glucose molecule during oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the primary energy currency of the cell?
What is the primary energy currency of the cell?
What is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate resulting in during glycolysis?
What is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate resulting in during glycolysis?
What is the enzyme responsible for ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the enzyme responsible for ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation?
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What is the function of mitochondria in regulating cellular metabolism?
What is the function of mitochondria in regulating cellular metabolism?
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What is the stage of cellular respiration where ATP is generated from NADH and FADH2?
What is the stage of cellular respiration where ATP is generated from NADH and FADH2?
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What is the result of the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the result of the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?
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What is implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer?
What is implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer?
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Study Notes
Bioenergetics
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Process by which cells generate energy in the form of ATP
- Occurs in the mitochondria
- Involves the transfer of electrons from high-energy molecules to oxygen, resulting in the formation of ATP
- Consists of three stages: electron transport, proton pumping, and ATP synthesis
- Net yield of 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
Energy Metabolism
- Process by which cells convert energy from one form to another
- Involves the breakdown of nutrients (e.g. glucose, fats) to produce ATP
- ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell
- Energy metabolism is regulated by hormones, enzymes, and other molecules
Cellular Respiration
- Process by which cells generate energy from glucose
- Consists of three stages: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
- Glycolysis: breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, resulting in 2 ATP and 2 NADH
- Citric acid cycle: breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, resulting in 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
- Oxidative phosphorylation: generation of ATP from NADH and FADH2
ATP Synthesis
- Process by which ATP is generated from ADP and Pi
- Occurs during oxidative phosphorylation
- Involves the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane, driving the production of ATP
- ATP synthase: enzyme responsible for ATP synthesis
Mitochondrial Function
- Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell
- Functions:
- Generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
- Regulate cellular metabolism
- Maintain cellular redox balance
- Initiate apoptosis (programmed cell death)
- Mitochondrial dysfunction: implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer
Bioenergetics
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Generates energy in the form of ATP through electron transport, proton pumping, and ATP synthesis
- Occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane
- Produces 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
- Involves the transfer of electrons from high-energy molecules to oxygen
Energy Metabolism
- Converts energy from one form to another through the breakdown of nutrients
- ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell
- Regulated by hormones, enzymes, and other molecules
- Involves the breakdown of glucose, fats, and other nutrients
Cellular Respiration
- Generates energy from glucose through three stages: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
- Glycolysis produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH
- Citric acid cycle produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
- Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP from NADH and FADH2
ATP Synthesis
- Generates ATP from ADP and Pi during oxidative phosphorylation
- Driven by the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane
- ATP synthase is the enzyme responsible for ATP synthesis
Mitochondrial Function
- Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through oxidative phosphorylation
- Regulate cellular metabolism and maintain cellular redox balance
- Initiate apoptosis (programmed cell death) in response to cellular stress
- Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and cancer
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Description
Understand the processes of oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism in cells, including the generation of ATP and energy conversion.
