Biology: Binomial Nomenclature and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of binomial nomenclature?

  • To categorize organisms into broad groups.
  • To provide common names for organisms.
  • To classify organisms based on habitat.
  • To assign each species a unique scientific name. (correct)

In a scientific name, what does the genus represent?

  • The common name of the organism.
  • The characteristics that define a species.
  • A category containing multiple species that are closely related. (correct)
  • The specific habitat of the organism.

How is the species name in binomial nomenclature formatted?

  • Bold and lower-case.
  • Bold and capitalized.
  • Italicized and lower-case. (correct)
  • Italicized and capitalized.

Which of the following statements is true regarding scientific names?

<p>Both the genus and species are italicized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What language is primarily used in scientific naming conventions?

<p>Latin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately lists the kingdoms of life according to a 5 kingdom classification system?

<p>Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason rRNA is useful for studying distantly related species?

<p>It accumulates mutations slowly in conservative regions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the modern classification system, which group is NOT considered a domain?

<p>Protista (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following combinations represents the three kingdoms classification correctly?

<p>Animalia, Plantae, Protista (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdoms are included in the 6 kingdom classification system?

<p>Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of having a unique scientific name for each species?

<p>To prevent confusion across different languages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven taxonomic levels in Linnaean classification?

<p>Tribe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do cladograms illustrate in relation to species?

<p>The evolutionary history and relationships among species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'derived characters' in the context of evolutionary relationships?

<p>New traits that arise in species after they have diverged from a common ancestor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of molecular clocks, what assumption is made about mutation rates?

<p>Mutations accumulate at a constant rate between related species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of mtDNA in evolutionary studies?

<p>It is useful for tracing mutations within a species due to a fast mutation rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about nodes in a cladogram is accurate?

<p>Nodes are points where branches split, representing a common ancestor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the Linnaean classification system?

<p>It does not account for convergent evolution and molecular evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Binomial Nomenclature

A system for naming organisms with two parts: the genus and species.

Genus

The first part of a scientific name, indicating a group of closely related species.

Species

The second part of a scientific name, indicating a specific group of organisms within a genus.

Scientific Name

The scientific name for a species, consisting of the genus name followed by the species name.

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Latin

The language used in binomial nomenclature.

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Kingdom

A group of organisms that share a common ancestor and have similar characteristics.

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Five Kingdom System

A classification system that groups organisms into five kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera.

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Three Domain System

A classification system that groups organisms into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of RNA found in ribosomes, which are involved in protein synthesis.

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Domains of Life

The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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Linnaean Classification

A system of classifying organisms into seven levels, from kingdom to species, in a nested hierarchy. Each level is more specific and included in the level above it.

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Cladogram

A diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationships between species based on shared characteristics (derived characters).

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Derived Characters

Traits that are shared by groups of species with a common ancestry. They are used to determine evolutionary relationships.

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Clade

A group of species that share a common ancestor. It represents a branch on a cladogram.

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Molecular Clocks

A method to estimate evolutionary time by measuring the accumulation of mutations in DNA. Assuming mutations occur at a constant rate, the more mutations, the longer the species have been separated.

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mtDNA

DNA found in mitochondria, which is inherited only from the mother. It has a faster mutation rate than nuclear DNA, making it useful for studying closely related species.

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Node

The point where branches of a cladogram split off, representing the most recent common ancestor of the diverging lineages.

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