Biology Basics and Concepts Quiz

<p>A theory is a comprehensive explanation supported by evidence; a hypothesis is a testable prediction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize errors and bias in experiment interpretations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic weight is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bonds are generally weaker than covalent bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>23 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black males, tortoiseshell females (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To replicate genetic material identically (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gases like carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases turgor pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes are specific to a particular substrate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endergonic reactions require energy input, while exergonic reactions release energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mimic the structure of substrates and compete for the active site. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a direct source of energy for cellular processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integral membrane proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accepts electrons at the end of the chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of protons to drive ATP synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depends on the citric acid cycle for amino acid metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosystem inside chloroplasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To build carbohydrates for long-term energy storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substrate-level phosphorylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms of compounds are rearranged to form new compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis utilizes water to release oxygen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synthesis of ATP during chemiosmosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To repair damaged tissues and enable growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant cells form a cell plate through fusion of vesicles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both diploid and haploid cells at different stages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separation of homologous chromosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30 units of DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 unique gametes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To pair homologous chromosomes together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Archaea, E. coli, and bacteria do not have a nucleus.

Similarities in DNA sequences reveal evolutionary relationships between organisms.

A theory is a broader explanation supported by a large body of evidence; a hypothesis is a testable prediction.

The variable that is changed or manipulated in an experiment.

Critical thinking in science involves questioning, evaluating, and refining assumptions to reduce errors and biases.

Atomic number plus the number of neutrons equals the atomic weight or mass number of an atom.

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, while ionic bonds involve transferring electrons.

The cell membrane is a flexible structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol.

Proteins that are permanently embedded within the cell membrane, often spanning the entire bilayer.

Integral proteins that extend across the entire cell membrane, acting as channels, pumps, or receptors.

The ability of substances to pass through the cell membrane.

A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water to move into the cell.

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

Organisms acquire energy from their surroundings, typically from food sources or sunlight.

Indicates a reaction that releases energy and is therefore spontaneous and can occur without additional energy input.

A catalyst speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, receiving electrons at the end of the chain.

Oxygen is the last electron acceptor in the ETC, accepting electrons from the electron transport chain.

ATP is generated directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP, bypassing the electron transport chain.

During photosynthesis, atoms of compounds are rearranged to form new compounds, like carbon dioxide and water becoming glucose and oxygen.

The products of photosynthesis, oxygen and sugar (glucose), are used as reactants in cellular respiration.

Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, breaking down glucose into pyruvate.

The movement of protons across a membrane, driven by the electron transport chain, powers the synthesis of ATP.

Protein catabolism, breaking down proteins, relies on the citric acid cycle for amino acid metabolism.

Six turns of the Calvin cycle are needed to produce one 6-carbon glucose molecule.

This occurs within the photosystem inside chloroplasts during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Human gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid and contain half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells (body cells).

Crossing a homozygous dominant individual (AA) with a heterozygous individual (Aa) results in a 50% chance of offspring being homozygous dominant (AA).

The probability of a couple having a male child (XY) is 50%, regardless of previous births.

A recessive trait carried on the X chromosome. Males are more likely to express the trait because they only have one X chromosome.

The percentage of offspring that inherit a combination of genes different from the parent's. A lower recombination frequency indicates genes are closer together on the same chromosome.

Photosynthesis uses light energy to split water molecules, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make glucose, releasing oxygen; cellular respiration breaks down glucose to make ATP, using oxygen.

Chemiosmosis uses a proton gradient to power ATP production in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Mitosis produces identical daughter cells for tissue repair, growth, and asexual reproduction.

Anaphase in mitosis shortens microtubules to pull sister chromatids apart.

Plants form a cell plate, a new cell wall, to divide daughter cells.

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in bacteria and some other single-celled organisms.

Sexual reproduction in humans involves both haploid gametes (sperm and egg) and diploid cells in other stages.

Anaphase I of meiosis separates homologous chromosomes, ensuring genetic diversity in gametes.

A cell at anaphase II has half the amount of DNA it had at G1, after the first round of division.