Biology and Chemistry Quiz

<p>They are amphipathic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles scatter light, giving the mixture a cloudy appearance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solutions scatter light, resulting in a cloudy appearance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A heterogeneous mixture with particles that scatter light and can be filtered. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accepts protons (H+ ions) and can release OH- ions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a constant pH within a narrow range. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows carbon to form long, complex chains, which are crucial for the structure of organic molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minerals act as cofactors, assisting in enzyme catalysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonpolar covalent bonds are formed between two atoms that have the same electronegativity, while polar covalent bonds are formed between two atoms that have different electronegativity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the strongest type of chemical bond. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holding together large molecules like DNA and proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules have a slightly positive charge on the oxygen atom and a slightly negative charge on the hydrogen atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minerals are extracted from the soil by plants and then passed on to animals through food chains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds by forming hydrogen bonds with the ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity when dissolved in water or when melted. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>96% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnesium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>63% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The human body is significantly richer in oxygen and carbon compared to the Earth's crust. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptide Bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural Components of Cell Walls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of three phosphate groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent Bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol is hydrophobic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Basic substances that cannot be broken down, 91 exist in nature.

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen comprise 96% of body mass.

24 elements have roles in body functions, 6 elements are most significant.

Hydrogen makes up 63% of body's atoms; Oxygen 24% but 65% mass.

Elements present in minute amounts, important for health.

Inorganic substances essential for body functions, like Ca, P, Cl.

Mineral salts like Na+, K+, Cl- crucial for muscle and nerve function.

Chemical bonds formed by the attraction between cations and anions.

Atoms or molecules with a net positive charge due to lost electrons.

Atoms or molecules with a net negative charge due to gained electrons.

Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Polar bonds have unequal sharing of electrons, nonpolar have equal sharing.

Weak attractions between slightly positive hydrogen and slightly negative O or N atoms.

A polar molecule essential for life, acting as a universal solvent.

A mixture where a solute is evenly distributed within a solvent, such as sugar in water.

A mixture with particles larger than in solutions (1-100 nm); scatters light and appears cloudy.

A mixture with particles larger than 100 nm that settle out, like RBCs in blood.

A substance that donates protons (H+) in water, leading to lower pH.

A substance that accepts protons or releases hydroxide ions (OH-), increasing pH.

A logarithmic scale measuring concentration of H+ ions; 7 is neutral, <7 is acidic, >7 is basic.

A reaction where water is used to break bonds, essential for digestion.

Large molecules composed of thousands of atoms, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

The simplest form of carbohydrates, comprising single sugar molecules like glucose and galactose.

Carbohydrates formed by two monosaccharides joined together through glycosidic bonds.

Complex carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharide units, used for energy storage.

Nonpolar molecules that include fats and oils, primarily serving as energy stores and cell membrane components.

The process of forming proteins from amino acids.

Building blocks of proteins with 20 different types, vary by R group.

Covalent bonds linking amino acids via carboxyl and amino groups.

Subunits of DNA and RNA, consist of sugar, phosphate, and base.

Energy carrier in cells, transfers phosphate groups to energize molecules.