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Questions and Answers
The property of ______ depends on the asymmetric carbon atom in the chemical structure of the substance.
The property of ______ depends on the asymmetric carbon atom in the chemical structure of the substance.
optical activity
A substance containing one asymmetric carbon atom has ______ isomers.
A substance containing one asymmetric carbon atom has ______ isomers.
two
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different spatial configurations are known as ______.
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different spatial configurations are known as ______.
isomers
The stable ring structures of monosaccharides are similar to either pyran or ______.
The stable ring structures of monosaccharides are similar to either pyran or ______.
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The carbon atom obtained from the active carbonyl sugar group is known as the ______ carbon.
The carbon atom obtained from the active carbonyl sugar group is known as the ______ carbon.
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Carbohydrates serve as a source of energy, for example, ______.
Carbohydrates serve as a source of energy, for example, ______.
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Monosaccharides cannot give a simpler form on ______.
Monosaccharides cannot give a simpler form on ______.
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Aldoses are monosaccharides that contain an ______ group.
Aldoses are monosaccharides that contain an ______ group.
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The general formula of monosaccharides is C______(H2O)n.
The general formula of monosaccharides is C______(H2O)n.
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The classification of carbohydrates is based on the number of sugar ______.
The classification of carbohydrates is based on the number of sugar ______.
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The simplest aldose is D-______, a type of aldotriose.
The simplest aldose is D-______, a type of aldotriose.
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D-______ is an example of an aldotetrose.
D-______ is an example of an aldotetrose.
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D-______ is a five-carbon sugar known as an aldopentose.
D-______ is a five-carbon sugar known as an aldopentose.
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D-______ is a common aldohexose that serves as a key energy source.
D-______ is a common aldohexose that serves as a key energy source.
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Dihydroxyacetone is an example of a ______, which contains a ketone group.
Dihydroxyacetone is an example of a ______, which contains a ketone group.
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D-______ is a five-carbon sugar classified as a ketopentose.
D-______ is a five-carbon sugar classified as a ketopentose.
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D-______, a six-carbon sugar, is an example of a ketohexose.
D-______, a six-carbon sugar, is an example of a ketohexose.
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Optical activity refers to the ability of a substance to rotate the plane polarized light to the ______ or to the left.
Optical activity refers to the ability of a substance to rotate the plane polarized light to the ______ or to the left.
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates Chemistry
- Carbohydrates are aldehyde or ketone derivatives of polyhydric alcohols.
- They serve as a primary source of energy, like glucose.
- They form structural components in animals and plants (e.g., cellulose and chitin).
- Carbohydrates can combine with lipids or proteins, forming components of cell membranes.
- Carbohydrate classification is based on the number of sugar units:
- Monosaccharides: one sugar unit.
- Disaccharides: two sugar units.
- Oligosaccharides: 3-10 sugar units.
- Polysaccharides: more than 10 sugar units.
- Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrate units.
- General formula for monosaccharides is Cn(H2O)n
- Monosaccharide nomenclature uses the suffix -ose.
- Aldoses have an aldehyde group.
- Ketoses have a ketone group.
- Classification of monosaccharides can be based on the number of carbon atoms and functional groups.
- A: Trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, heptoses are classified based on the number of carbon atoms they contain
- B: Aldoses, ketoses are classified based on the functional group.
- Important monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and ribose.
- Carbohydrates can exist as different stereoisomers: -Enantiomers occur due to the presence of chiral or asymmetric carbon atoms,
- Isomers have the same molecular formula, but differ in structure and spatial arrangement.
- The term chiral refers to the presence of an asymmetric or chiral carbon atom.
- Pyranose and furanose forms are more stable ring structures.
- Glucose exists mainly in the pyranose form.
- Anomers are isomers with different spatial arrangements around the anomeric carbon.
- The anomeric carbon is determined by carbon number 1 for aldoses and 2 for ketoses.
- Carbohydrates are soluble in water.
- Carbohydrates exhibit optical activity.
- Asymmetric carbon atoms are essential for optical activity.
- Any substance containing asymmetric carbon atoms has two properties: -Optical activity -Optical isomerism.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of carbohydrates, their classification, and their crucial role in biology. This quiz provides insights into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, while also touching upon their structural importance and energy functions. Test your knowledge on the derivatives of polyhydric alcohols and their nomenclature.
