Biology and Chemistry Fundamentals Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the three main subatomic particles found within an atom?

Electrons, isotopes, ions

Protons, isotopes, chemical bonds

Protons, neutrons, electrons (correct)

Neutrons, ions, covalent bonds

Which statement correctly describes a covalent bond?

Atoms lose or gain electrons

Atoms are identical in charge

Atoms share electrons (correct)

Atoms are repelled by each other

How does the number of neutrons affect an atom?

It transforms it into a molecule

It changes its atomic number

It creates different isotopes (correct)

It determines its charge

What occurs in a redox reaction?

Electrons are lost or gained Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an atom and an ion?

An atom has no charge, while an ion has a charge Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule is formed when electrons are not equally shared?

Polar molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as energy associated with motion?

Kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

In terms of chemical reactions, what is the first law of thermodynamics generally stating?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?

Potential energy is energy that is stored, while kinetic energy is the energy of movement. Signup and view all the answers

According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy can be?

Only changed from one form to another. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during an exergonic reaction?

More energy is released than absorbed. Signup and view all the answers

What is bond energy associated with?

Both B and C are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Cellular respiration releases energy, while photosynthesis absorbs energy. Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction CH4 + 2O2 à CO2 + 2H2O, what type of reaction is this an example of?

Exergonic reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a reaction where more energy is absorbed than released?

Endergonic reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about energy in chemical bonds?

Breaking chemical bonds requires energy absorption. Signup and view all the answers

Which axis runs from the front to the back of the body?

Sagittal Axis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement away from the midline of the body?

Abduction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements decreases the angle between two body parts?

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of flexion in joint movement terms?

Extension Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a circular movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?

Circumduction Signup and view all the answers

Which axis runs lengthwise through the body?

Longitudinal Axis Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to movement toward the midline of the body?

Adduction Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperextension specifically refer to?

Increasing the angle beyond the normal range Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the frontal axis in body movement?

It facilitates lateral movements. Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint movement occurs during the rotation of the torso?

Medial Rotation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Directional Terminology

Sagittal axis runs from front to back of the body.
Frontal axis runs from one side of the body to the other.
Longitudinal (vertical) axis runs lengthwise through the body.

Terms of Joint Movement

Flexion: Decreases the angle between two body parts.
Extension: Increases the angle between two body parts.
Abduction: Movement away from the midline.
Adduction: Movement toward the midline.
Rotation: Movement around longitudinal axis.
Circumduction: Combination of flexion/extension, abduction/adduction.

Anatomy of the Atom

The atom is the smallest unit of matter.
Protons: Positively charged, located in the nucleus, determine the element's atomic number.
Electrons: Negatively charged, occupy the space around the nucleus.
Neutrons: No charge, located in the nucleus, influence atomic mass.

Chemical Bonding - Molecular Formation

Molecules: Formed by sharing electrons between atoms.
Covalent bonds: Strong bonds formed by sharing electrons.
Polar molecule: Electrons are unequally shared, creating charges on opposite sides of the molecule.

Atom vs. Ion and Redox Reactions

Atom: Contains equal number of protons and electrons.
Ion: Has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge.
Redox reactions: Involve the transfer of electrons.

Energy

Energy is the capacity to do work.
Potential energy: Stored energy.
Kinetic energy: Energy of motion.

Energy Types and Transformations

First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only transformed.

Energy Flow in Chemical Reactions

Bond energy: Energy associated with chemical bonds.
Breaking chemical bonds requires energy.
Forming chemical bonds releases energy.

Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions

Exergonic reaction: Releases more energy than it absorbs.
Endergonic reaction: Absorbs more energy than it releases.
Cellular respiration: An example of an exergonic reaction.
Photosynthesis: An example of an endergonic reaction.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in biology and chemistry, including directional terminology in anatomy, terms of joint movement, and the basics of atomic structure. Test your knowledge on how atoms bond to form molecules and understand the intricacies of bodily movements.