Anatomy and Physiology Terminology Quiz

Anatomy and Physiology Terms

• A rectouterine pouch is a deep recess of the peritoneum between the rectum and cervix.
• Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S.
• Bartholin glands produce vaginal lubrication during intercourse.
• Menopause leads to atrophy of the ovaries due to decreased estrogen levels.
• Menopause is defined as the cessation of menses.
• The first sign of puberty in girls is breast development, while for boys, it is enlargement of the testes.
• Adnexa refers to uterine accessory organs.
• Dysmenorrhea describes pain associated with menstruation.
• A caruncle is a small, red mass at the urethral meatus.
• Hematuria is defined as blood in the urine.
• Dyschezia refers to painful bowel movements.

Gastrointestinal and Renal Disorders

• Toilet training may begin when rectal area nerves are fully myelinated.
• Benign prostatic hypertrophy is assessed by a firm, smooth, enlarged prostate gland with a palpable central groove.
• Asia has the lowest prevalence of prostate cancer.
• Pruritus indicates an itching or burning sensation.
• Long-term laxative use can lead to dependence.
• An anorectal fistula often results from a chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tract.
• Iron supplements can cause stools to appear nontarry and black.
• A pilonidal cyst is a congenital disorder.
• Normal perianal assessment findings include a moist anus with no lesions or discharge.
• Orchitis refers to acute inflammation of the testes.

Neurological Terms and Reflexes

• Cerebellar function can be tested through rapid alternating movements.
• The extrapyramidal system is located in the basal ganglia and is involved in regulating automatic movements.
• Involuntary muscle movements are termed athetosis.
• The Romberg sign is positive when the patient sways or falls with eyes closed, indicating potential balance issues.
• Paresthesia describes abnormal sensations like burning or tingling.
• Clonus, seen during tendon reflex tests, involves rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle.
• The reflex arc consists of sensory and motor nerves.
• A normal brachioradialis reflex response is flexion and supination of the forearm.

Musculoskeletal and Internal Organs

• The ventral abdominal wall is formed by four layers of large flat abdominal muscles.
• Pyrosis is experienced as a burning sensation in the upper abdomen, typically associated with reflux.
• Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is known as ascites.
• The liver is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and performs various vital functions.
• Older adults may experience decreased salivation, leading to dry mouth.
• Hematopoiesis is the process of red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
• Pyloric stenosis is a congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
• The spleen functions to destroy old red blood cells, filter microorganisms from blood, and produce antibodies.

Vascular and Respiratory Conditions

• DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) assessment may include measuring calf circumference.
• Blood pressure falling more than 10 mm Hg during inspiration in a patient with asthma may suggest pulsus paradoxus.
• Acute cystitis, prostatitis, and urethritis share the symptom of dysuria.
• The ankle-brachial index helps diagnose peripheral artery disease.
• Diabetes mellitus can cause arterial calcification.
• The ulnar and radial arteries form the superficial and deep palmar arches.

Developmental Milestones and Immunization

• The Denver II test screens gross and fine motor coordination in children.
• The Gardasil vaccine is recommended for young males to prevent genital warts and is advised for boys around age 10.
• Reassessing the renal function can involve monitoring serum creatinine levels.

Child and Adult Health Assessment

• To assess neuro status in hospitalized patients, simple tasks, like offering water, can be effective.
• The assessment of the perianal area may show characteristics indicative of infection, such as a red edematous meatus with purulent discharge.