Anatomy Terminology Quiz

Anatomical Position

• Used as a reference point for describing the body's structures and movements.
• Standing upright with:
  • Feet slightly apart.
  • Palms facing forward.
  • Arms at sides.
  • Head facing forward.

Anatomical Terminology

• Anterior: Front of the body.
• Posterior: Back of the body.
• Superior: Towards the head or upper part of the body.
• Inferior: Towards the feet or lower part of the body.
• Lateral: Away from the midline of the body.
• Medial: Towards the midline of the body.

Additional Terminology

• Cranial: Towards the head.
• Caudal: Towards the tail (bottom) of the body.
• Superficial: Near the surface of the body.
• Deep: Towards the inside of the body.
• Ventral: On the belly side of the body.
• Dorsal: On the back side of the body.
• Proximal: Closer to the point of origin or attachment of a limb.
• Distal: Farther away the point of origin or attachment of a limb.

Abbreviations

• a.: Artery
• br.: Branch
• n.: Nerve
• m.: Muscle
• v.: Vein
• aa.: Arteries

Anatomical Planes

• Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into left and right halves.
  • Median Sagittal Plane: Passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal left and right halves.
• Frontal (Coronal) Plane: Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.
• Transverse (Axial) Plane: Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections.

Anatomical Movements

• Flexion: Decreasing the angle between two bones.
• Extension: Increasing the angle between two bones.
• Abduction: Moving a limb away from the midline.
• Adduction: Moving a limb towards the midline.
• Rotation: Turning or revolving on a long axis.
  • Medial (Internal) Rotation: Rotating towards the midline.
  • Lateral (External) Rotation: Rotating away from the midline.
• Circumduction: Combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction in a circular motion.
• Opposition: The movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips of the same hand.
• Elevation: Raising a body part.
• Depression: Lowering a body part
• Plantar Flexion: Pointing the toes downwards.
• Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot upwards.
• Pronation: Rotating the forearm so the palm faces backwards.
• Supination: Rotating the forearm so the palm faces forward.

Abdominal Regions

• Right Hypochondrium: Region under the right rib cage.
• Right Lumbar: Region on the right side of the abdomen.
• Right Iliac: Region over the right hip bone.
• Epigastric: Upper central region of the abdomen.
• Umbilical: Region around the umbilicus (belly button).
• Hypogastric: Lower central region of the abdomen.