Biology: Anchoring Junctions
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Questions and Answers

What type of proteins do desmoglein and desmocollin belong to?

  • Cadherin family (correct)
  • Plaque proteins
  • Anchor proteins
  • Intermediate filaments

    • What do desmoglein and desmocollin bind to via anchor proteins?

  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate filaments (correct)
  • Cytoplasmic plaque
  • Cell membrane

    • What is the function of desmoglein and desmocollin in desmosomes?

  • To regulate gene expression
  • To provide cell signaling
  • To link adjacent cells together (correct)
  • To provide mechanical strength

    • What is the effect of antibodies against desmosomal cadherins in Pemphigus?

    <p>Disruption of desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues are desmosomes most abundant in?

    <p>Epidermis of the skin and heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of desmosomes in tissues?

    <p>To give mechanical strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the autoimmune disease that affects desmosomal cadherins?

    <p>Pemphigus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cytoplasmic plaque in desmosomes?

    <p>To provide attachment sites for intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of desmosomes in the development of certain diseases?

    <p>They are involved in the formation of cataract and heart malformations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of anchoring junctions?

    <p>To provide mechanical strength and stability to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of hemidesmosomes?

    <p>They have a single dense plaque on the cytoplasmic surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of integrins in hemidesmosomes?

    <p>To bind to laminin protein in the basal lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of mutations in plectin?

    <p>Skin blisters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of focal adhesions?

    <p>To bind cells to the extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of adhesion protein involved in hemidesmosomes?

    <p>Integrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of cytoskeletal element involved in hemidesmosomes?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the loss of Desmoglein 3 in skin cells?

    <p>Severe blistering of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intermediate filaments are found in heart and muscle cells?

    <p>Desmin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of junction is involved in cell-cell adhesion?

    <p>Desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hemidesmosomes?

    <p>Cell-matrix adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein that attaches to keratin intermediate filaments in hemidesmosomes?

    <p>Plectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by autoantibodies attacking type XVII collagen?

    <p>Bullous pemphigoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mutations in plectin?

    <p>Skin blisters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of collagen is involved in hemidesmosomes?

    <p>Type XVII collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of desmosomes in tissues?

    <p>To provide mechanical binding and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are desmoglein and desmocollin part of?

    <p>Cadherin family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is not part of a desmosome?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of antibodies binding to desmosomal cadherins in Pemphigus?

    <p>Disruption of desmosomes and skin epithelial cell detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is not part of the cytoplasmic plaque in desmosomes?

    <p>Integrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of desmoglein and desmocollin in desmosomes?

    <p>To link adjacent cells together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of tissues where desmosomes are most abundant?

    <p>Exposed to mechanical stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plaque proteins in desmosomes?

    <p>To link the cadherins to intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the loss of Desmoglein 3 in skin cells?

    <p>Severe blistering of the skin with leakage of body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intermediate filaments are involved in desmosomes?

    <p>Keratin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of anchoring junctions?

    <p>To provide mechanical strength to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by autoantibodies attacking Desmoglein 3?

    <p>Pemphigus vulgaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of anchoring junction is involved in cell-matrix adhesion?

    <p>Hemidesmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of integrins in hemidesmosomes?

    <p>To bind to laminin in the basal lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mutations in plectin?

    <p>Skin blisters associated with late-onset muscular dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of anchoring junctions in epithelial cells?

    <p>To provide mechanical strength to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of anchoring junction?

    <p>Gap Junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of integrins in hemidesmosomes?

    <p>To bind to laminin protein in the basal lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of mutations in plectin?

    <p>Skin blisters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hemidesmosomes?

    <p>To anchor loops of intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein that binds to keratin intermediate filaments in hemidesmosomes?

    <p>Plectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease that affects hemidesmosomes?

    <p>Bullous pemphigoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of cytoskeletal element involved in hemidesmosomes?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of autoantibodies attacking type XVII collagen?

    <p>Blistering skin disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of desmoglein and desmocollin in cell-cell adhesion?

    <p>To link adjacent cells together through desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of desmoglein and desmocollin dysfunction in the epidermis?

    <p>Disruption of desmosomes leading to skin blistering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is NOT directly involved in desmosome formation?

    <p>Integrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of tissues where desmosomes are most abundant?

    <p>Exposure to mechanical stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cytoplasmic plaque in desmosomes?

    <p>To anchor intermediate filaments to the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of antibodies binding to desmosomal cadherins in Pemphigus?

    <p>Disruption of desmosomes leading to skin blistering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of desmoglein and desmocollin in heart muscle tissue?

    <p>To provide mechanical strength to the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is involved in the formation of desmosomes in the epidermis?

    <p>Desmoplakin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of desmoglein 3 in epithelial cells?

    <p>To form a strong attachment to adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the loss of desmoglein 3 in skin cells?

    <p>Severe blistering of the skin with leakage of body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of desmoglein and desmocollin?

    <p>To form a strong attachment to adjacent cells and maintain tissue integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the autoimmune disease that affects desmoglein 3?

    <p>It results in severe blistering of the skin with leakage of body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of desmoglein and desmocollin in desmosomes?

    <p>To form a strong attachment to adjacent cells and maintain tissue integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of autoantibodies attacking desmoglein 3?

    <p>Severe blistering of the skin with leakage of body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the skin disease caused by autoantibodies attacking desmoglein 3?

    <p>It results in severe blistering of the skin with leakage of body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of desmoglein 3 in maintaining the integrity of epithelial tissues?

    <p>To form a strong attachment to adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Desmoglein and Desmocollin in desmosomes?

    <p>To facilitate cell-cell adhesion and maintain tissue integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of autoantibodies binding to Desmoglein and Desmocollin in Pemphigus?

    <p>Disruption of cell-cell adhesion and blistering of skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Desmoglein and Desmocollin?

    <p>Transmembrane proteins with a single transmembrane domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the loss of Desmoglein 3 in skin cells?

    <p>Disrupted cell-cell adhesion and blistering of skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of Desmoglein and Desmocollin?

    <p>Cell migration and invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of protein that Desmoglein and Desmocollin belong to?

    <p>Adhesion proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of mutations in Desmoglein and Desmocollin?

    <p>Disrupted cell-cell adhesion and blistering of skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Desmoglein and Desmocollin in heart tissue?

    <p>To facilitate cell-cell adhesion and maintain tissue integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anchoring Junctions

    • Anchoring junctions can be subclassified according to the cytoskeletal element that is involved.
    • There are two types of anchoring junctions: actin filament attachment sites and intermediate filament attachment sites.

    Actin Filament Attachment Sites

    • Cell-cell junctions: adherens junctions
    • Cell-matrix junctions: focal adhesions

    Intermediate Filament Attachment Sites

    • Cell-cell junctions: desmosomes
    • Cell-matrix junctions: hemidesmosomes

    Desmosomes

    • Strongest points of cell adhesion that provide mechanical binding
    • Most abundant in tissues that are exposed to mechanical stress (epidermis of the skin, heart muscle)
    • Cell to cell binding depends on cadherin family of proteins called desmoglein and desmocollin
    • Contain plaque-shaped structures on the cytoplasmic face of the junction which provide attachment sites for intermediate filaments
    • Plaque proteins are: plakoglobins, desmoplakins, plakophilins
    • Desmosomes are found in many tissues, especially abundant in skin (epidermis), heart muscle, and the neck of the uterus
    • Importance of desmosome junctions is demonstrated by some of the skin autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus

    Hemidesmosomes

    • Resemble desmosomes morphologically
    • Cell uses hemidesmosomes to attach to the basal lamina
    • Have only a single dense plaque on the cytoplasmic surface of the hemidesmosome (hemi=half) that anchors loops of intermediate filaments
    • Integrin (α6β4) and type XVII collagen (also called BPAG2) attach to the basal lamina
    • In a blistering skin disease called bullous pemphigoid, autoantibodies attack type XVII collagen
    • Mutations in plectin cause skin blisters associated with late-onset muscular dystrophy

    Focal Adhesions

    • Bind the cells to the extracellular matrix
    • Cell to matrix adhesion proteins; integrins responsible for the binding to the matrix
    • Cytoplasmic domain of the integrin binds indirectly to actin filaments
    • Integrin's extracellular domains bind to components of extracellular matrix, while the cytoplasmic tail of the β subunit binds indirectly to actin

    Anchoring Junctions

    • Anchoring junctions can be subclassified according to the cytoskeletal element that is involved.
    • There are two types of anchoring junctions: actin filament attachment sites and intermediate filament attachment sites.

    Actin Filament Attachment Sites

    • Cell-cell junctions: adherens junctions
    • Cell-matrix junctions: focal adhesions

    Intermediate Filament Attachment Sites

    • Cell-cell junctions: desmosomes
    • Cell-matrix junctions: hemidesmosomes

    Desmosomes

    • Strongest points of cell adhesion that provide mechanical binding
    • Most abundant in tissues that are exposed to mechanical stress (epidermis of the skin, heart muscle)
    • Cell to cell binding depends on cadherin family of proteins called desmoglein and desmocollin
    • Contain plaque-shaped structures on the cytoplasmic face of the junction which provide attachment sites for intermediate filaments
    • Plaque proteins are: plakoglobins, desmoplakins, plakophilins
    • Desmosomes are found in many tissues, especially abundant in skin (epidermis), heart muscle, and the neck of the uterus
    • Importance of desmosome junctions is demonstrated by some of the skin autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus

    Hemidesmosomes

    • Resemble desmosomes morphologically
    • Cell uses hemidesmosomes to attach to the basal lamina
    • Have only a single dense plaque on the cytoplasmic surface of the hemidesmosome (hemi=half) that anchors loops of intermediate filaments
    • Integrin (α6β4) and type XVII collagen (also called BPAG2) attach to the basal lamina
    • In a blistering skin disease called bullous pemphigoid, autoantibodies attack type XVII collagen
    • Mutations in plectin cause skin blisters associated with late-onset muscular dystrophy

    Focal Adhesions

    • Bind the cells to the extracellular matrix
    • Cell to matrix adhesion proteins; integrins responsible for the binding to the matrix
    • Cytoplasmic domain of the integrin binds indirectly to actin filaments
    • Integrin's extracellular domains bind to components of extracellular matrix, while the cytoplasmic tail of the β subunit binds indirectly to actin

    Anchoring Junctions

    • Anchoring junctions can be subclassified according to the cytoskeletal element that is involved.
    • There are two types of anchoring junctions: actin filament attachment sites and intermediate filament attachment sites.

    Actin Filament Attachment Sites

    • Cell-cell junctions: adherens junctions
    • Cell-matrix junctions: focal adhesions

    Intermediate Filament Attachment Sites

    • Cell-cell junctions: desmosomes
    • Cell-matrix junctions: hemidesmosomes

    Desmosomes

    • Strongest points of cell adhesion that provide mechanical binding
    • Most abundant in tissues that are exposed to mechanical stress (epidermis of the skin, heart muscle)
    • Cell to cell binding depends on cadherin family of proteins called desmoglein and desmocollin
    • Contain plaque-shaped structures on the cytoplasmic face of the junction which provide attachment sites for intermediate filaments
    • Plaque proteins are: plakoglobins, desmoplakins, plakophilins
    • Desmosomes are found in many tissues, especially abundant in skin (epidermis), heart muscle, and the neck of the uterus
    • Importance of desmosome junctions is demonstrated by some of the skin autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus

    Hemidesmosomes

    • Resemble desmosomes morphologically
    • Cell uses hemidesmosomes to attach to the basal lamina
    • Have only a single dense plaque on the cytoplasmic surface of the hemidesmosome (hemi=half) that anchors loops of intermediate filaments
    • Integrin (α6β4) and type XVII collagen (also called BPAG2) attach to the basal lamina
    • In a blistering skin disease called bullous pemphigoid, autoantibodies attack type XVII collagen
    • Mutations in plectin cause skin blisters associated with late-onset muscular dystrophy

    Focal Adhesions

    • Bind the cells to the extracellular matrix
    • Cell to matrix adhesion proteins; integrins responsible for the binding to the matrix
    • Cytoplasmic domain of the integrin binds indirectly to actin filaments
    • Integrin's extracellular domains bind to components of extracellular matrix, while the cytoplasmic tail of the β subunit binds indirectly to actin

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