Biology 7.4 Cellular Transport Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is osmosis?

The movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration

The process of exocytosis

Active transport of molecules

The diffusion of water moving across the plasma membrane (correct)

What occurs during exocytosis?

The plasma membrane surrounds a large substance inside the cell and moves it outside the cell.

What is facilitated diffusion?

The movement of small molecules across the plasma membrane using transport proteins.

Define dynamic equilibrium.

The condition that results when diffusion continues until the concentrations are the same in all areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is active transport?

The movement of substances against the concentration gradient that requires energy and the aid of carrier proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during endocytosis?

The plasma membrane surrounds a large substance outside the cell and moves it inside the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is an isotonic solution?

A solution that has the same osmotic concentration as a cell's cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypertonic solution?

A solution that causes a cell to shrivel. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypotonic solution?

A solution that causes a cell to swell. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of solutions with their effects on a cell:

Isotonic solution = Neither causes a cell to swell nor shrivel Hypertonic solution = Causes a cell to shrivel Hypotonic solution = Causes a cell to swell Signup and view all the answers

Define diffusion.

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is a concentration gradient?

The difference in concentration of a substance across a space. Signup and view all the answers

What is energy's role in active transport?

Energy is required when moving particles from low to high concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is passive transport?

The net movement of substances across plasma membranes without additional energy. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during phagocytosis?

The movement of large particles of solid food or whole cells into the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is pinocytosis?

A form of endocytosis that involves the transport of liquid droplets. Signup and view all the answers

Define osmosis in simple terms.

The diffusion of water molecules through a membrane from an area of higher water concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during exocytosis?

Waste materials are discharged from waste vacuoles that fuse with the plasma membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Transport Concepts

Osmosis: Water travels through the plasma membrane towards the region with higher solute concentration.
Exocytosis: Process where the plasma membrane encases a large substance within the cell and expels it outside.
Facilitated Diffusion: Small molecules pass through the plasma membrane with help from transport proteins.
Dynamic Equilibrium: Achieved when diffusion equalizes concentrations across spaces.
Active Transport: Movement of substances against the concentration gradient using energy and carrier proteins.

Types of Solutions

Isotonic Solution: Equal osmotic concentration as the cell's cytoplasm, maintaining cell shape.
Hypertonic Solution: Causes cells to lose water and shrivel due to higher solute concentrations outside.
Hypotonic Solution: Lower solute concentration outside the cell leads to water influx and swelling.

Mechanisms of Transport

Endocytosis: Plasma membrane engulfs substances from outside the cell to bring them in.
Passive Transport: Movement of substances across membranes without energy expenditure.
Diffusion: Movement from high to low particle concentration; naturally occurring process.

Special Transport Processes

Phagocytosis: Cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, a form of endocytosis.
Pinocytosis: Endocytosis of liquid droplets, forming vacuoles within the cell.
Exocytosis for Waste: Removal of waste materials by vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

Key Processes Explained

Osmosis in Organisms: Freshwater influx into single-celled organisms illustrates osmosis.
Diffusion Examples: Oxygen moving from lungs into blood showcases diffusion in action.
Active Transport Example: Sodium ions being pumped out of red blood cells illustrates active transport.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cellular transport processes with these flashcards. Learn key terms such as osmosis, exocytosis, and facilitated diffusion, and understand how substances move across the plasma membrane. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of Chapter 7.4 in Biology.