Biology 7.4 Cellular Transport Flashcards

Study Notes

Osmosis: Water travels through the plasma membrane towards the region with higher solute concentration.
Exocytosis: Process where the plasma membrane encases a large substance within the cell and expels it outside.
Facilitated Diffusion: Small molecules pass through the plasma membrane with help from transport proteins.
Dynamic Equilibrium: Achieved when diffusion equalizes concentrations across spaces.
Active Transport: Movement of substances against the concentration gradient using energy and carrier proteins.

Isotonic Solution: Equal osmotic concentration as the cell's cytoplasm, maintaining cell shape.
Hypertonic Solution: Causes cells to lose water and shrivel due to higher solute concentrations outside.
Hypotonic Solution: Lower solute concentration outside the cell leads to water influx and swelling.

Endocytosis: Plasma membrane engulfs substances from outside the cell to bring them in.
Passive Transport: Movement of substances across membranes without energy expenditure.
Diffusion: Movement from high to low particle concentration; naturally occurring process.

Phagocytosis: Cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, a form of endocytosis.
Pinocytosis: Endocytosis of liquid droplets, forming vacuoles within the cell.
Exocytosis for Waste: Removal of waste materials by vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

Osmosis in Organisms: Freshwater influx into single-celled organisms illustrates osmosis.
Diffusion Examples: Oxygen moving from lungs into blood showcases diffusion in action.
Active Transport Example: Sodium ions being pumped out of red blood cells illustrates active transport.