Cellular Transport Overview

What is the primary requirement for passive transport to occur?

Facilitated diffusion requires an input of energy for molecules to pass through the cell membrane.

Define osmosis in the context of cellular transport.

A solution with equal concentrations of solute and solvent is referred to as _______.

Match the types of cellular transport to their definitions:

What type of transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy?

The Sodium-Potassium ATPase pump imports three sodium ions and exports two potassium ions.

What are the two processes involved in the transport of large particles into and out of the cell?

The process that allows materials to enter the cell by engulfing them is called ______.

Match the following transport processes with their descriptions:

Cellular Transport Overview

Cellular transport is the movement of substances into and out of cells.
Two main types: passive and active transport.

Passive Transport

Does not require energy (ATP).
Movement of substances down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration).
Three types:
- Diffusion: Movement of small, uncharged particles (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, lipids) across a permeable membrane from high to low concentration, until equilibrium is reached. No energy required. Dynamic equilibrium occurs when there is continuous movement but no overall change.
- Facilitated diffusion: Movement of large or charged particles (e.g., glucose, ions, some water) across a membrane through protein channels. No additional energy required. There are two types of proteins involved - channel proteins and carrier proteins.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from areas of high water concentration to areas of low water concentration.

Active Transport

Requires energy (ATP).
Movement of substances against a concentration gradient (from low to high concentration).
Types:
- Molecular Transport/Protein Pumps: Using ATP, protein pumps move molecules across a membrane against the concentration gradient (e.g., Sodium-Potassium Pump).
- Bulk Transport: Moving large particles across the membrane via endocytosis (entering the cell) and exocytosis (exiting the cell).

Osmotic Solutions

Isotonic: Solute and solvent concentrations are equal.
Hypertonic: Higher concentration of solutes than the cell content.
Hypotonic: Lower concentration of solutes than the cell content.

Key Concepts

Cells need to take in nutrients, eliminate waste, and communicate with each other.
The cell membrane controls which materials move in and out of the cell.

Explore the essential concepts of cellular transport, focusing on the two main types: passive and active transport. This quiz covers the mechanisms behind diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, highlighting how substances move across cell membranes. Test your knowledge on how cells maintain homeostasis through these processes.