30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT one of the five principles of metabolic pathways mentioned in the text?
Many metabolic pathways are unique to each organism
What type of fat do human infants have a lot of, which helps keep them warm when catabolized?
Brown fat
In the presence of oxygen, what happens to glucose?
It is fully oxidized
What process forms ATP through the transfer of electrons in the presence of oxygen?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Which type of metabolic pathway occurs when there is an absence of oxygen?
Glycolysis
What is the main function of mitochondria in brown fat?
Heat production
What is the overall equation for the metabolism of glucose?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + free energy
What is the role of NAD+ in redox reactions?
It is the reducing agent
Which of the following processes harvests energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen?
Glycolysis
What happens during reduction in a redox reaction?
Gain of electrons
Which molecule is the reducing agent in glucose metabolism?
Glucose
What is the relationship between oxidation and reduction in a redox reaction?
They always occur together
Which organelle compartmentalizes metabolic pathways in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondrion
Which term describes a redox reaction where electrons aren't completely transferred but an atom's share of electrons is changed?
Polar bonding
Cells obtain energy from glucose through a single metabolic pathway.
False
Reduction in a redox reaction involves the loss of electrons.
False
Metabolic pathways are unique to each organism and do not share similarities.
False
Brown fat catabolism releases energy in the form of heat to keep the baby warm.
True
Oxidative phosphorylation forms ATP in the absence of oxygen.
False
The main function of mitochondria in brown fat is to store excess energy.
False
During cellular respiration, glucose is completely oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water.
True
Redox reactions always involve a complete transfer of electrons from one substance to another.
False
In glucose metabolism, glucose acts as the reducing agent and oxygen acts as the oxidizing agent.
True
The more reduced a molecule is, the less energy it possesses.
False
NAD+ is a key electron carrier in redox reactions and undergoes reduction to form NADH.
True
In the absence of oxygen, fermentation is the process that harvests energy from glucose.
True
Oxidation refers to the gain of electrons by a substance.
False
Cellular respiration is an aerobic process that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
True
The coenzyme NAD+ undergoes oxidation during cellular respiration.
True
Glycolysis is a catabolic process that harvests energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen.
False
Study Notes
Metabolic Pathways
- There are five principles of metabolic pathways, which are not specified in the text.
Fats and Thermogenesis
- Human infants have a lot of brown fat, which helps keep them warm when catabolized.
Cellular Respiration
- In the presence of oxygen, glucose is completely oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water.
- The overall equation for the metabolism of glucose is not specified in the text.
Energy Harvesting
- Fermentation is the process that harvests energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen.
Redox Reactions
- NAD+ is a key electron carrier in redox reactions and undergoes reduction to form NADH.
- In a redox reaction, oxidation refers to the loss of electrons by a substance, while reduction involves the gain of electrons by a substance.
- The relationship between oxidation and reduction in a redox reaction is that they occur simultaneously.
- During reduction, an atom or molecule gains electrons.
- Glucose acts as the reducing agent and oxygen acts as the oxidizing agent in glucose metabolism.
- The more oxidized a molecule is, the more energy it possesses.
Mitochondria and Cellular Compartmentalization
- Mitochondria are the organelles that compartmentalize metabolic pathways in eukaryotic cells.
- The main function of mitochondria in brown fat is to generate heat to keep the baby warm.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Oxidative phosphorylation forms ATP through the transfer of electrons in the presence of oxygen.
Miscellaneous
- Metabolic pathways are not unique to each organism and share similarities.
- Cells obtain energy from glucose through multiple metabolic pathways.
Test your knowledge on the development, structure, and function of organisms by taking this quiz on Chapter 9 of BIOL 131. Explore concepts such as cells harvesting chemical energy from glucose oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic pathways.
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