Bioethics and Intellectual Property Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of bioethics on organ donation and transplantation?

  • The ethics of death and dying
  • The ethics of environmental concerns
  • The ethics of genetic research
  • The ethics of organ donation and transplantation (correct)

    • What are the four prima facie principles in bioethics?

  • Respect for life, beneficence, justice, and dignity
  • Respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, justice, and dignity
  • Respect for life, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice
  • Respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice (correct)

    • What is intellectual property?

  • Creations of the mind, inventions, and literary works (correct)
  • Financial assets such as stocks and bonds
  • Human resources such as employees and skills
  • Physical properties such as land and buildings

    • How many categories is intellectual property divided into?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in Industrial Property?

    <p>Patents for Inventions, Trademarks, and Industrial Designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is covered by Copyright?

    <p>Literary works, films, music, and architectural design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the importance of intellectual property first recognized?

    <p>1880s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to promote and protect intellectual property?

    <p>To encourage the commitment of additional resources for further innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of trade secret protection?

    <p>It may extend perpetually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did patent-like incentives first appear in ancient Greece?

    <p>500 BC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the effect of high patent application fees in Britain?

    <p>It restricted innovation to a small sector of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did America's founders view intellectual property rights as vital?

    <p>To stimulate the inventive genius and entrepreneurial energy of the common man</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of early patent systems in Europe?

    <p>They reinforced the wealth of elites instead of the welfare and productive capacity of the whole of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was unique about America's patent system?

    <p>It was designed to stimulate the inventive genius and entrepreneurial energy of the common man</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did America's founders view intellectual property rights?

    <p>As vital to the nation's economic survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of high patent application fees on the population?

    <p>It restricted innovation to a small sector of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)?

    <p>To promote human creativity and innovation globally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental idea behind the Natural Rights Theory of intellectual property?

    <p>Inventors have a right to exclusive ownership of their inventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an invention after the limited time of exclusive ownership has expired?

    <p>It goes into the public domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organization that administered intellectual property rights in Malaysia prior to 1983?

    <p>Pejabat Cap Dagangan dan Jaminhak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the Bargain Theory of intellectual property?

    <p>To promote public welfare and societal benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organization that resulted from the restructuring of the Ministry of Trade and Industry in 1990?

    <p>Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operative and Consumerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of protecting intellectual property rights, according to WIPO?

    <p>It promotes human creativity and innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the exclusive right granted to inventors under the Natural Rights Theory?

    <p>To give inventors control over their creations for a limited time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of intellectual property rights?

    <p>To spur economic growth, create new jobs and industries, and enhance the quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between patents and copyrights?

    <p>Patents protect new inventions, while copyrights protect original literary works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of trademarks?

    <p>To distinguish a product or service from others in the marketplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of trade secrets?

    <p>They are kept confidential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is protected by copyrights?

    <p>Original literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of patent protection?

    <p>20 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between patents and trade secrets?

    <p>Patents are publicly disclosed, while trade secrets are kept confidential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of intellectual property rights to society?

    <p>They enhance the quality of life and spur economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main task of the Division?

    <p>To administer Patents Act 1983, Trade Marks Act 1976, and Copyright Act 1987</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Industrial Designs Act 1996 come into force?

    <p>1999</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a patent and a utility innovation?

    <p>The level of inventiveness required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a patent?

    <p>An exclusive right granted for an invention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acronym of the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia?

    <p>PHIM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the third requirement for a patentable invention?

    <p>It must be industrially applicable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia Act 2002 enforced?

    <p>2003</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 3 March 2005?

    <p>The day the rebranding of PHIM to MyIPO occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bioethics

    • Focuses on various topic areas, including:
      • Organ donation and transplantation
      • Genetic research
      • Death and dying
      • Environmental concerns

    Principles of Bioethics

    • Four prima facie principles:
      • Respect for autonomy
      • Beneficence
      • Non-maleficence
      • Justice

    Intellectual Property

    • Refers to creations of the mind, including:
      • Inventions
      • Literary and artistic works
      • Symbols
      • Names
      • Images used in commerce

    Types of Intellectual Property

    • Divided into two categories:
      • Industrial Property
      • Copyright

    Industrial Property

    • Includes:
      • Patents for inventions
      • Trademarks
      • Industrial designs
      • Geographical indications
    • Covers:
      • Literary works (e.g., novels, poems, plays)
      • Films
      • Music
      • Artistic works (e.g., drawings, paintings, photographs, sculptures)
      • Architectural design

    Importance of Intellectual Property

    • Recognized in:
      • Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883)
      • Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886)
    • Both treaties are administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

    Reasons to Promote and Protect Intellectual Property

    • Encourages:
      • Progress and well-being of humanity
      • Commitment of additional resources for further innovation
      • Economic growth, creation of new jobs and industries, and enhancement of quality of life

    Patents

    • An intellectual property right granted by a government to an inventor
    • Gives the inventor the exclusive right to the invention for up to 20 years
    • In exchange for disclosing the details of the new technology to society
    • An intellectual property right granted by a government to the author of an original literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, or other eligible creative work
    • Gives the creator the exclusive right to control how the work is published, reproduced, performed, or displayed for a limited time

    Trademarks

    • An intellectual property right granted by a government to an individual, business, or legal entity
    • Gives the creator the exclusive right to use a distinctive word, name, symbol, or device to distinguish their products or services

    Trade Secrets

    • A law that requires the intellectual property to be protected and not publicly disclosed

    Differences between Intellectual Properties

    • Patents: protect new, useful, and non-obvious inventions
    • Trademarks: protect source identifications, usually for brands, slogans, logos, or designs
    • Copyrights: protect original textual works and visual or artistic expressions
    • Trade secrets: protect valuable secret information

    History of Patents

    • Originated in ancient Greece in 500 BC
    • Spread throughout Europe through the 1700s
    • Early patent systems reinforced the wealth of elites instead of the welfare and productive capacity of the whole of society

    Rationale for Issuing a Patent

    • America's founders viewed intellectual property rights as vital to the nation's economic survival
    • Designed a patent system to stimulate the inventive genius and entrepreneurial energy of the common man

    Philosophy of Intellectual Property

    • Two justifications:
      • Bargain Theory: society gives the inventor the exclusive right to their invention for a limited time in exchange for disclosure
      • Natural Rights Theory: discusses the inventors' inherent rights of property, and the government enforces the inventor's exclusive property right for a limited time

    World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

    • Established in 1970
    • Dedicated to helping ensure that the rights of creators and owners of intellectual property are protected worldwide
    • Recognizes and rewards inventors and authors for their ingenuity

    Malaysia Intellectual Property (MyIPO)

    • Previously administered by Pejabat Cap Dagangan dan Jaminhak (prior to 1983)
    • Established as Intellectual Property Division in 1990
    • Corporatized in 2003 as the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (PHIM)
    • Rebranded as MyIPO in 2005

    Objectives of MyIPO

    • (Objectives not specified in the text)

    Definition of Patent

    • An exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem

    Definition of Utility Innovation

    • An exclusive right granted for a "minor" invention that does not require to satisfy the test of inventiveness as required of a patent

    Patentable Inventions

    • Must be:
      • New, meaning not publicly disclosed anywhere in the world
      • Involves an inventive step, meaning not obvious to someone with knowledge and experience in the technological field
      • Industrially applicable, meaning it can be mass produced

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    Intellectual Properties & Bioethics (DBB 20803) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of bioethics, including principles and topics such as organ donation and genetic research, as well as intellectual property concepts like inventions and literary works.

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