Bioethics in Medicine: Ethical Principles Quiz

Ethical Principles

• Beneficence emphasizes the duty to do good
• Respect for autonomy is violated when a physician ignores a patient's vehement refusal to take medication
• Nonmaleficence is related to the duty of preventing harm
• Veracity is associated with honesty without deception
• Justice emphasizes equality for everyone in healthcare decisions
• Respect for autonomy embodies the right to self-determination and freedom from control of others
• Beneficence is demonstrated by a pharmacist's action of providing assistance to a patient in obtaining food from local food pantries
• Nonmaleficence involves acting so that no harm is done to a patient
• Beneficence is demonstrated by referring a patient to a specialized service provider
• Confidentiality is violated when a hospital manager shares confidential information with her spouse
• Beneficence is exercised by providing asthma education in an impoverished area
• Veracity is violated when a doctor prescribes Niacin for placebo benefits without informing the patient
• Confidentiality is violated when a doctor shares a patient's difficulties with someone not involved in the patient's care without consent
• Respect for autonomy is violated when a doctor prescribes Niacin for placebo benefits without informed consent
• Respect for autonomy might be considered regarding the decision to involve a 12-year-old child in research trials

Wounds

• Contusion is characterized by bruised skin and the production of hematoma
• Internal injury may lead to minimal external bleeding but can be dangerous due to potential damage to internal organs
• Avulsion involves tissue torn or separated from the body, resulting in heavy bleeding
• Abrasion is characterized by skin being scraped off and limited bleeding
• Amputation involves a body part being cut off or separated from the body, resulting in extensive bleeding
• Laceration involves a deep cut with sharp object such as a knife, scissors, or razor blade, and can have heavy bleeding and damage to muscles and nerves

Wound Management

• The first priority in the management of wounds is to stop bleeding
• Venous bleeding is characterized by low pressure and blood that oozes and is dark brown in color
• Signs of internal bleeding include abdominal pain, vomiting, and rapid heart rate
• The principle to assist the natural arrest of hemorrhage is to apply pressure
• Tourniquets are used as a last resort for severe bleeding
• A body part that requires cool, moist dressing during transportation should be wrapped in a sterile dressing
• If there is an abdominal wound with protruding organs like intestines, the organs should be covered with a sterile dressing and the patient should be taken to the hospital immediately
• To control external hemorrhage, apply direct pressure to the wound and elevate the affected limb
• Rapid loss of blood from arteries and veins can lead to shock and even death
• After removing any foreign bodies from a wound, clean the wound with soap and water, and apply an antibiotic ointment and a dressing.