Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does deontological ethics focus on when determining the rightness of an action?
What does deontological ethics focus on when determining the rightness of an action?
- Consequences of the action
- Cultural norms and societal acceptance
- The character of the moral agent
- Moral obligations based on God's commands (correct)
Which ethical theory suggests that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture?
Which ethical theory suggests that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture?
- Teleological Ethics
- Deontological Ethics
- Ethical Relativism (correct)
- Utilitarianism
What is the primary focus of ethical pragmatism in medical decision-making?
What is the primary focus of ethical pragmatism in medical decision-making?
- Theoretical understanding of ethics
- Truth and meaning in ethical reasoning (correct)
- Cultural norms in ethical behavior
- Strict adherence to moral rules
According to utilitarianism, what should be the basis for determining if an action is right?
According to utilitarianism, what should be the basis for determining if an action is right?
In virtue ethics, how is the moral rightness of an action evaluated?
In virtue ethics, how is the moral rightness of an action evaluated?
Which component is NOT part of Kant's categorical imperative?
Which component is NOT part of Kant's categorical imperative?
What does act utilitarianism emphasize when making ethical choices?
What does act utilitarianism emphasize when making ethical choices?
How does bioethics relate to traditional medical practices?
How does bioethics relate to traditional medical practices?
What is the primary focus of rule utilitarianism?
What is the primary focus of rule utilitarianism?
Which ethical theory suggests that moral actions should focus on maximizing pleasure?
Which ethical theory suggests that moral actions should focus on maximizing pleasure?
What distinguishes altruism from other teleological ethics?
What distinguishes altruism from other teleological ethics?
Which principle of bioethics emphasizes respect for individuals' decisions?
Which principle of bioethics emphasizes respect for individuals' decisions?
What is a key difference between ignorance and negligence?
What is a key difference between ignorance and negligence?
Which quality is emphasized in virtue ethics as a pathway to becoming virtuous?
Which quality is emphasized in virtue ethics as a pathway to becoming virtuous?
What does the principle of non-maleficence advocate?
What does the principle of non-maleficence advocate?
What is eudaimonia as described in virtue ethics?
What is eudaimonia as described in virtue ethics?
What does the Doctrine of res ipsa loquitur imply in cases of negligence?
What does the Doctrine of res ipsa loquitur imply in cases of negligence?
Why did the Supreme Court affirm the decision in the case involving Cantre?
Why did the Supreme Court affirm the decision in the case involving Cantre?
What was the primary reason for determining Dr. Gutierrez's negligence in the Ramos case?
What was the primary reason for determining Dr. Gutierrez's negligence in the Ramos case?
In the context of the legal cases mentioned, what is the captain of the ship doctrine?
In the context of the legal cases mentioned, what is the captain of the ship doctrine?
What can be inferred from the Supreme Court's ruling in the case involving Dr. Batiquin?
What can be inferred from the Supreme Court's ruling in the case involving Dr. Batiquin?
What must occur for a claim of negligence to be valid?
What must occur for a claim of negligence to be valid?
Which term refers to the principle that an employer is responsible for the actions of its employees while they perform their job?
Which term refers to the principle that an employer is responsible for the actions of its employees while they perform their job?
In the context of negligence, who is typically entitled to collect damages on behalf of an unborn child?
In the context of negligence, who is typically entitled to collect damages on behalf of an unborn child?
What is a primary element that must be established in professional negligence cases?
What is a primary element that must be established in professional negligence cases?
According to the principle of proximate cause in negligence, what is required?
According to the principle of proximate cause in negligence, what is required?
Which article emphasizes that every person must act with justice and honesty?
Which article emphasizes that every person must act with justice and honesty?
What was the outcome of the case involving Dr. Milagros Cantre and the spouses Go?
What was the outcome of the case involving Dr. Milagros Cantre and the spouses Go?
What does genetic screening allow individuals to do?
What does genetic screening allow individuals to do?
What was one of Josef Mengele's unethical practices at Auschwitz concentration camp?
What was one of Josef Mengele's unethical practices at Auschwitz concentration camp?
What principle was NOT included in the 1947 research ethics guidelines for human experimentation?
What principle was NOT included in the 1947 research ethics guidelines for human experimentation?
What was the primary objective of the Tuskegee syphilis study?
What was the primary objective of the Tuskegee syphilis study?
Which experiment involved psychological effects of perceived power?
Which experiment involved psychological effects of perceived power?
What ethical issue was prevalent in the dermatological experiments at Holmesburg Prison?
What ethical issue was prevalent in the dermatological experiments at Holmesburg Prison?
Which aspect of Mengele's philosophy is reflected in the rationale for his experiments?
Which aspect of Mengele's philosophy is reflected in the rationale for his experiments?
What aftermath did the Tuskegee syphilis study participants face after its unethical practices were revealed?
What aftermath did the Tuskegee syphilis study participants face after its unethical practices were revealed?
What term explains the ability of ordinary people to commit terrible acts under certain conditions?
What term explains the ability of ordinary people to commit terrible acts under certain conditions?
Flashcards
Ethical Relativism
Ethical Relativism
Morality varies based on cultural norms.
Ethical Pragmatism
Ethical Pragmatism
Focuses on knowledge, truth, and meaning, especially in medical decision-making.
Deontological Ethics
Deontological Ethics
Focuses on the morality of actions themselves, not outcomes.
Teleological Ethics
Teleological Ethics
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Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism
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Act Utilitarianism
Act Utilitarianism
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Rule Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism
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Hedonism
Hedonism
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Egoism
Egoism
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Asceticism
Asceticism
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Altruism
Altruism
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Negative Consequentialism
Negative Consequentialism
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Autonomy
Autonomy
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Beneficence
Beneficence
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Non-maleficence
Non-maleficence
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Justice
Justice
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Ignorance
Ignorance
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Negligence
Negligence
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Plaintiff
Plaintiff
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Defendant
Defendant
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Professional Negligence
Professional Negligence
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Divine Command Theory
Divine Command Theory
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Categorical Imperative
Categorical Imperative
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Hippocratic Oath
Hippocratic Oath
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Study Notes
Ethics and Bioethics Overview
- Ethics relates to philosophical reflections on morality and the application of moral codes in professional fields.
- Focuses on individuals' search for meaning in human problems encompassing logical, epistemological, cosmological, ethical, aesthetic, or scientific domains.
Schools of Ethics
- Ethical Relativism: Morality varies according to cultural norms; acknowledges societal diversity.
- Ethical Pragmatism: Centers on knowledge, truth, and meaning; applicable in areas like medical decision-making.
Bioethics
- Medical ethics that deal with moral issues in healthcare.
- Deontological Ethics: Focus on the morality of actions themselves rather than outcomes.
- Teleological Ethics: Morality of an action judged by the outcome it produces.
- Virtue Ethics: Evaluates actions based on how a virtuous person would act in similar situations.
Deontological Ethics
- Divine Command Theory: Morality defined by God's commands.
- Categorical Imperative (Kant): Actions should be universalizable; humans valued as ends in themselves.
Teleological Ethics
- Utilitarianism: Actions are right if they promote the greatest good; established by philosophers like John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham.
- Act vs. Rule Utilitarianism:
- Act: Perform actions yielding the greatest good.
- Rule: Adhere to rules fostering the greatest good.
Additional Teleological Concepts
- Hedonism: Pursuit of maximum pleasure as life's goal.
- Egoism: Actions are right when they benefit oneself.
- Asceticism: Voluntary abstinence from pleasures.
- Altruism: Acting to benefit others.
- Negative Consequentialism: Focus on minimizing harm.
Principles of Bioethics
- Autonomy: Respect for individuals' decision-making.
- Beneficence: Actions aimed at benefiting others; maximize good over evil.
- Non-maleficence: Obligation to avoid causing harm.
- Justice: Fair treatment and application of legal ethics.
Ignorance and Negligence
- Ignorance: Lack of knowledge or competence in performing actions.
- Negligence: Failure to exercise reasonable care leading to harm.
Historical Accounts
- Code of Hammurabi: Early legal benchmark outlining laws and penalties, including medical malpractice.
- Hippocratic Oath: Fundamental ethical standards for physicians.
Key Moral Issues
- Abortion, Euthanasia, Genetic Engineering including genetic screening, interventions, stem-cell therapy, and IVF.
Understanding Negligence
- Establishes that a duty was owed, unmet, leading to harm.
- Plaintiff: Individuals seeking compensation for damages.
- Defendant: Entities held liable for negligence.
Professional Negligence
- Determined through expert testimony regarding care required in a professional context.
Ethical Cases and Research Violations
- Significant ethical violations in human experimentation illustrated by historical instances, such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and experiments conducted at Holmesburg Prison.
- Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment: Demonstrated psychological effects of perceived power and authority on behavior.
Ethical Dilemma
- Debate over the moral acceptability of utilizing scientific data obtained unethically remains prevalent.
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Description
Explore the foundations of ethics and bioethics through philosophical reflections on morality. This quiz delves into the application of a moral code in professional settings and examines various ethical theories. Understand the individual’s search for meaning while confronting human dilemmas.
