Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does deontological ethics focus on when determining the rightness of an action?
What does deontological ethics focus on when determining the rightness of an action?
Which ethical theory suggests that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture?
Which ethical theory suggests that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture?
What is the primary focus of ethical pragmatism in medical decision-making?
What is the primary focus of ethical pragmatism in medical decision-making?
According to utilitarianism, what should be the basis for determining if an action is right?
According to utilitarianism, what should be the basis for determining if an action is right?
Signup and view all the answers
In virtue ethics, how is the moral rightness of an action evaluated?
In virtue ethics, how is the moral rightness of an action evaluated?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component is NOT part of Kant's categorical imperative?
Which component is NOT part of Kant's categorical imperative?
Signup and view all the answers
What does act utilitarianism emphasize when making ethical choices?
What does act utilitarianism emphasize when making ethical choices?
Signup and view all the answers
How does bioethics relate to traditional medical practices?
How does bioethics relate to traditional medical practices?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of rule utilitarianism?
What is the primary focus of rule utilitarianism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ethical theory suggests that moral actions should focus on maximizing pleasure?
Which ethical theory suggests that moral actions should focus on maximizing pleasure?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes altruism from other teleological ethics?
What distinguishes altruism from other teleological ethics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which principle of bioethics emphasizes respect for individuals' decisions?
Which principle of bioethics emphasizes respect for individuals' decisions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key difference between ignorance and negligence?
What is a key difference between ignorance and negligence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which quality is emphasized in virtue ethics as a pathway to becoming virtuous?
Which quality is emphasized in virtue ethics as a pathway to becoming virtuous?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the principle of non-maleficence advocate?
What does the principle of non-maleficence advocate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is eudaimonia as described in virtue ethics?
What is eudaimonia as described in virtue ethics?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Doctrine of res ipsa loquitur imply in cases of negligence?
What does the Doctrine of res ipsa loquitur imply in cases of negligence?
Signup and view all the answers
Why did the Supreme Court affirm the decision in the case involving Cantre?
Why did the Supreme Court affirm the decision in the case involving Cantre?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary reason for determining Dr. Gutierrez's negligence in the Ramos case?
What was the primary reason for determining Dr. Gutierrez's negligence in the Ramos case?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of the legal cases mentioned, what is the captain of the ship doctrine?
In the context of the legal cases mentioned, what is the captain of the ship doctrine?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be inferred from the Supreme Court's ruling in the case involving Dr. Batiquin?
What can be inferred from the Supreme Court's ruling in the case involving Dr. Batiquin?
Signup and view all the answers
What must occur for a claim of negligence to be valid?
What must occur for a claim of negligence to be valid?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term refers to the principle that an employer is responsible for the actions of its employees while they perform their job?
Which term refers to the principle that an employer is responsible for the actions of its employees while they perform their job?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of negligence, who is typically entitled to collect damages on behalf of an unborn child?
In the context of negligence, who is typically entitled to collect damages on behalf of an unborn child?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary element that must be established in professional negligence cases?
What is a primary element that must be established in professional negligence cases?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the principle of proximate cause in negligence, what is required?
According to the principle of proximate cause in negligence, what is required?
Signup and view all the answers
Which article emphasizes that every person must act with justice and honesty?
Which article emphasizes that every person must act with justice and honesty?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the outcome of the case involving Dr. Milagros Cantre and the spouses Go?
What was the outcome of the case involving Dr. Milagros Cantre and the spouses Go?
Signup and view all the answers
What does genetic screening allow individuals to do?
What does genetic screening allow individuals to do?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of Josef Mengele's unethical practices at Auschwitz concentration camp?
What was one of Josef Mengele's unethical practices at Auschwitz concentration camp?
Signup and view all the answers
What principle was NOT included in the 1947 research ethics guidelines for human experimentation?
What principle was NOT included in the 1947 research ethics guidelines for human experimentation?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary objective of the Tuskegee syphilis study?
What was the primary objective of the Tuskegee syphilis study?
Signup and view all the answers
Which experiment involved psychological effects of perceived power?
Which experiment involved psychological effects of perceived power?
Signup and view all the answers
What ethical issue was prevalent in the dermatological experiments at Holmesburg Prison?
What ethical issue was prevalent in the dermatological experiments at Holmesburg Prison?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect of Mengele's philosophy is reflected in the rationale for his experiments?
Which aspect of Mengele's philosophy is reflected in the rationale for his experiments?
Signup and view all the answers
What aftermath did the Tuskegee syphilis study participants face after its unethical practices were revealed?
What aftermath did the Tuskegee syphilis study participants face after its unethical practices were revealed?
Signup and view all the answers
What term explains the ability of ordinary people to commit terrible acts under certain conditions?
What term explains the ability of ordinary people to commit terrible acts under certain conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Ethics and Bioethics Overview
- Ethics relates to philosophical reflections on morality and the application of moral codes in professional fields.
- Focuses on individuals' search for meaning in human problems encompassing logical, epistemological, cosmological, ethical, aesthetic, or scientific domains.
Schools of Ethics
- Ethical Relativism: Morality varies according to cultural norms; acknowledges societal diversity.
- Ethical Pragmatism: Centers on knowledge, truth, and meaning; applicable in areas like medical decision-making.
Bioethics
- Medical ethics that deal with moral issues in healthcare.
- Deontological Ethics: Focus on the morality of actions themselves rather than outcomes.
- Teleological Ethics: Morality of an action judged by the outcome it produces.
- Virtue Ethics: Evaluates actions based on how a virtuous person would act in similar situations.
Deontological Ethics
- Divine Command Theory: Morality defined by God's commands.
- Categorical Imperative (Kant): Actions should be universalizable; humans valued as ends in themselves.
Teleological Ethics
- Utilitarianism: Actions are right if they promote the greatest good; established by philosophers like John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham.
-
Act vs. Rule Utilitarianism:
- Act: Perform actions yielding the greatest good.
- Rule: Adhere to rules fostering the greatest good.
Additional Teleological Concepts
- Hedonism: Pursuit of maximum pleasure as life's goal.
- Egoism: Actions are right when they benefit oneself.
- Asceticism: Voluntary abstinence from pleasures.
- Altruism: Acting to benefit others.
- Negative Consequentialism: Focus on minimizing harm.
Principles of Bioethics
- Autonomy: Respect for individuals' decision-making.
- Beneficence: Actions aimed at benefiting others; maximize good over evil.
- Non-maleficence: Obligation to avoid causing harm.
- Justice: Fair treatment and application of legal ethics.
Ignorance and Negligence
- Ignorance: Lack of knowledge or competence in performing actions.
- Negligence: Failure to exercise reasonable care leading to harm.
Historical Accounts
- Code of Hammurabi: Early legal benchmark outlining laws and penalties, including medical malpractice.
- Hippocratic Oath: Fundamental ethical standards for physicians.
Key Moral Issues
- Abortion, Euthanasia, Genetic Engineering including genetic screening, interventions, stem-cell therapy, and IVF.
Understanding Negligence
- Establishes that a duty was owed, unmet, leading to harm.
- Plaintiff: Individuals seeking compensation for damages.
- Defendant: Entities held liable for negligence.
Professional Negligence
- Determined through expert testimony regarding care required in a professional context.
Ethical Cases and Research Violations
- Significant ethical violations in human experimentation illustrated by historical instances, such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and experiments conducted at Holmesburg Prison.
- Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment: Demonstrated psychological effects of perceived power and authority on behavior.
Ethical Dilemma
- Debate over the moral acceptability of utilizing scientific data obtained unethically remains prevalent.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the foundations of ethics and bioethics through philosophical reflections on morality. This quiz delves into the application of a moral code in professional settings and examines various ethical theories. Understand the individual’s search for meaning while confronting human dilemmas.
