Bioenergetics and Metabolism Quiz

<p>Anabolic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a major energy source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They consist of stepwise chemical reactions involving energy transfer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolic pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They catalyze and facilitate reactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow energy transfer with the surroundings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transformed but not destroyed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of disorder and randomness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some energy is lost as heat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing and transferring energy for work. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light energy to chemical energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cannot exchange energy with its surroundings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to do work or create change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy decreases in usable forms during transformations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less energy available; a state of low energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By consuming energy and transforming it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lower the activation energy required for reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An enzyme-substrate complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optimal temperature increases reaction rates without denaturing enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They denature, losing their functional shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induced fit model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be anything from weakly acidic to neutral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By forming a temporary enzyme-substrate bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can block substrate binding and reduce activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitates a precise structural alignment of substrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent change in enzyme function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are additional molecules that assist enzyme function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of reaction increases with enzyme concentration until saturation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inhibitor binds to the active site exclusively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It alters the active site by binding to a different site on the enzyme. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A non-substrate molecule that induces a conformational change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit changes in activity through conformational changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help enzymes perform functions without being changed themselves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The regulation of enzyme activity by its own products. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It induces a conformational change that enhances substrate binding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, lowering cholesterol levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both enhance the function of enzymes during reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An allosteric inhibitor preventing further ATP production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds at a location distinct from the active site to reduce enzyme activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying the specific cellular reactions associated with disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase, providing relief from pain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetic energy is highest when the pendulum is at its lowest point. Potential energy is highest at the highest point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By calculating the change in free energy (∆G) of the reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to proceed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The burning of wood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endergonic reactions require an input of energy to occur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synthesis of proteins from amino acids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An exergonic reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rolling ball (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in free energy (∆G) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It dictates that energy transfers always result in some energy loss as heat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spontaneous reactions can occur quickly or slowly depending on the activation energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As molecular movement increases, kinetic energy increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To speed up the rate of reaction at physiological temperatures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of energy flow in living systems, particularly in cells.

All chemical reactions in a cell that consume or generate energy.

Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy currency of cells.

Process by which plants convert CO2 into sugar using sunlight energy.

Molecules like glucose that store energy for later use.

Part of photosynthesis that converts sunlight into energy stored in ATP.

Series of chemical reactions in metabolism, involving building or breaking down substances.

Process of breaking down sugars in cells, releasing energy and producing CO2.

Metabolic pathways that build larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy.

Proteins that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions in metabolic pathways.

The study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter.

A system that can exchange energy with its surroundings.

A system that cannot exchange energy with its surroundings.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred.

Processes where energy changes from one form to another.

Energy transfers are never completely efficient; some energy is lost as heat.

A measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

Biological organisms are open systems that exchange energy with surroundings.

Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, such as sugars and fats.

The energy an object possesses due to its motion.

Stored energy based on an object's position or configuration.

Reactions that release free energy with a negative ∆G.

Reactions that absorb energy and have a positive ∆G.

The initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

Usable energy in a system after accounting for losses.

Reactions that occur without external energy input; can be slow.

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.

Potential energy associated with the structure of molecules and atom bonds.

The shift between potential and kinetic energy in a swinging pendulum.

The change in free energy during a chemical reaction.

Potential energy stored within the bonds of food molecules.

Enzymes reduce activation energy and speed up reactions.

The reactant molecules that enzymes bind to.

The specific region on the enzyme where substrates bind.

Enzyme and substrate adjust to fit together during binding.

The irreversible change in enzyme's shape due to extreme conditions.

Specific temperature and pH range where enzymes function best.

The temporary structure formed when an enzyme binds its substrate.

Non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in their functions.

Molecules that decrease enzyme activity by blocking substrates.

The process of controlling enzyme activity based on cell needs.

The unique ability of an enzyme to bind to specific substrates.

Processes that involve changes in chemical bonds, typically involving enzymes.

The effect of acidity or basicity on enzyme activity.

Impact of temperature on the rate of enzymatic reactions.

A type of enzyme inhibition where an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site.

Inhibition where an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, preventing substrate binding.

A site on an enzyme where an inhibitor or activator binds, distinct from the active site.

When binding of an inhibitor at an allosteric site decreases enzyme activity.

Molecules that bind to allosteric sites and increase enzyme activity.

A specific molecule that a drug aims to interact with to produce a therapeutic effect.

Regulation where the product of a reaction inhibits its own production by inhibiting the enzyme.

ATP can act as an allosteric regulator, inhibiting some enzymes when abundant.

ADP can act as an allosteric activator for some enzymes, promoting ATP production.

A class of drugs that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to lower cholesterol levels.

Acetaminophen inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing pain and inflammation.

The process of controlling enzyme activity through various molecules, including inhibitors and activators.

A change in enzyme structure that affects function, usually induced by binding of other molecules.