Bioenergetics and Enzymes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is bioenergetics?

  • A method of energy conservation
  • The overall flow and transformation of energy in an organism (correct)
  • The study of how energy flows through organisms (correct)
  • The energy produced in cellular respiration

    • What are enzymes?

    Proteins that act as biological catalysts

    What do organic catalysts do?

    Speed up the rate of a reaction without altering the reaction itself

    What are exergonic reactions?

    <p>Reactions in which the products have less energy than the reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are endergonic reactions?

    <p>Reactions that require an input of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is activation energy?

    <p>Energy needed to get a reaction started</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does enzyme specificity mean?

    <p>Enzymes only catalyze one kind of reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are substrates?

    <p>The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active site?

    <p>The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Substrate A + substrate B + enzyme -> ______ -> enzyme + product

    <p>enzyme-substrate complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is induced fit in enzymes?

    <p>Enzyme has to change its shape slightly to accommodate the shape of substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are coenzymes?

    <p>Organic factors that help enzymes in catalyzing a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cofactors?

    <p>Inorganic elements that help catalyze reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are allosteric sites?

    <p>A region of the enzyme other than the active site to which a substrate can bind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are allosteric regulators?

    <p>Substances that can either inhibit or activate enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an allosteric inhibitor?

    <p>Binds to an allosteric site and keeps the enzyme in its inactive form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an allosteric activator?

    <p>Binds to an enzyme and induces its active form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allosteric enzymes are subject to ______ in which the formation of an end product inhibits an earlier reaction in the sequence

    <p>feedback inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is competitive inhibition?

    <p>A substrate that can take the place of the substrate at the active site and inactivate the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is noncompetitive inhibition?

    <p>Inhibitor binds with the enzyme at a site other than the active site and alters its shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

    <p>Energy cannot be created or destroyed, the sum of energy in the universe is constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the second law of thermodynamics explain?

    <p>Energy transfer leads to less organization, the universe tends toward disorder (or entropy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is entropy?

    <p>A thermodynamic quantity representing the amount of energy no longer available for work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is photosynthesis?

    <p>The transformation of solar energy into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cellular respiration?

    <p>C6H12O6 + 6O2 -&gt; 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aerobic respiration?

    <p>Cellular respiration that uses oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Cellular respiration without oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is glycolysis?

    <p>Splitting of glucose into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pyruvic acid?

    <p>The three-carbon compound produced during glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acetyl coenzyme A?

    <p>Formation of this is the second step in aerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bioenergetics and Enzymes

    • Bioenergetics refers to the flow and transformation of energy within organisms, focusing on how energy is utilized.
    • Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts, accelerating reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed in the process.
    • Organic catalysts, such as enzymes, enhance reaction rates without altering the reaction itself.

    Types of Reactions

    • Exergonic reactions release energy, resulting in products with less energy than the reactants.
    • Endergonic reactions require energy input, producing products with higher energy than the starting reactants.

    Enzyme Functionality

    • Activation energy is the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
    • Enzymes exhibit specificity, catalyzing only a particular type of reaction.
    • Substrates are the reactants upon which enzymes act, and they bind at the active site of the enzyme.

    Complexes and Interactions

    • The enzyme-substrate complex forms when substrates bind to enzymes, leading to product formation.
    • Induced fit describes how enzymes slightly alter their shape to fit the substrates better during the reaction.

    Cofactors and Coenzymes

    • Coenzymes are organic molecules, often vitamins, that assist enzymes by transferring electrons or functional groups.
    • Cofactors are inorganic elements, typically metal ions, essential for enzyme activity.

    Enzyme Regulation

    • Allosteric sites allow the binding of substrates or regulators, affecting enzyme activity.
    • Allosteric regulators can either inhibit or activate enzyme functions.
    • Feedback inhibition is a process where the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme involved earlier in the pathway.

    Inhibition Types

    • Competitive inhibition occurs when a substrate with a similar shape occupies the active site, preventing substrate binding.
    • Noncompetitive inhibition happens when an inhibitor binds elsewhere on the enzyme, changing its shape and rendering it inactive.

    Thermodynamics Principles

    • The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it remains constant in the universe.
    • The second law of thermodynamics indicates that energy transfers lead to increased disorder (entropy).

    Entropy

    • Entropy quantifies the energy in a system that is no longer available for useful work, representing a tendency towards disorder.

    Energy Transformation Processes

    • Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy, formulated as: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
    • Cellular respiration utilizes glucose and oxygen, represented by the equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.

    Cellular Respiration Types

    • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and includes steps: Glycolysis, Formation of Acetyl CoA, The Krebs Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation.
    • Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen.

    Glycolysis and Subsequent Pathways

    • Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules, occurring in the cytoplasm, yielding a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
    • Pyruvic acid, a product of glycolysis, is essential for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration pathways.
    • Acetyl coenzyme A is formed from pyruvic acid in aerobic respiration, releasing CO2 and producing 2 NADH during the process.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on bioenergetics and the role of enzymes as biological catalysts. This quiz covers topics such as energy transformations, types of reactions, and enzyme functionality, including substrate interaction and activation energy. Challenge yourself to understand how these processes sustain life at a molecular level.

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