Chapter 1

Which of the following factors determine the capacity of each energy system during exercise?

Which energy system contributes variable amounts of ATP during each exercise condition?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the capacity of each energy system?

Which of the following is the basic energy unit used to measure heat production in metabolic reactions?

What is the process of converting substrates to energy through a series of enzymatic steps called?

Which of the following pathways plays a larger role in energy production during low- to moderate-intensity exercise?

What are the molecules that, when combined, form a specific end product called?

Which type of enzyme essentially controls the entire biochemical pathway?

Which of the following factors can influence the capacity of each energy system during exercise?

Which energy system is primarily responsible for ATP production during high-intensity exercise?

Which of the following exercise types is likely to have a greater impact on the capacity of the oxidative system?

Which energy system contributes the least amount of ATP during low-intensity exercise?

What is the main focus of this chapter?

Which of the following is NOT a major contributor to energy metabolism?

Which type of fatty acid contains single bonds between each of the carbon atoms?

What is the storage form of lipids in the body?

What is the process that catabolizes a triacylglycerol down to its functional components?

What is the primary fate of proteins once their nitrogen is removed?

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in complex IV?

Why are intermediary steps required in electron transfer?

What would happen if oxygen simply accepted the electrons from NADH without intermediary steps?

What is the primary reason for using intermediary complexes in electron transfer?

What is the main purpose of the intermediary steps in electron transfer?

What happens when two protons and electrons are combined with oxygen in complex IV?

What would be the consequence if the energy transfer in electron transfer was not gradual?

What is the role of oxygen in complex IV?

What would be the consequence if oxygen simply accepted the electrons from NADH?

Why is the free energy drop too severe if oxygen simply accepts the electrons from NADH?

During starvation, muscle protein is broken down rapidly to amino acids and transported to the liver for glucose synthesis. Which amino acids are considered the main ones utilized for this purpose?

Which of the following are common TCA intermediaries that are generated from the free amino acids?

During glucose oxidation, how many turns of the TCA cycle occur?

What does an RER value of 0.70 indicate when measuring expired gases?

What is the primary purpose of measuring CO2 production and RER during exercise?

Which of the following is responsible for the shift toward carbohydrate metabolism during high-intensity exercise?

What is the dominant carbohydrate during prolonged and intense exercise?

At high-intensity exercise, what value does the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) approach?

What happens to fatty acid oxidation rates during intense exercise?

What is the primary reason for the decline in fatty acid transport into the contracting muscle during intense exercise?

Which type of muscle fiber is more depleted of glycogen during prolonged low-intensity exercise?

Which type of muscle fiber is more depleted during short bouts of high-intensity exercise?

Which type of muscle fiber has higher levels of stored PCr?