30 Questions
Which term best defines Exercise Physiology?
The study of the body's responses to exercise/training to maximize physical potential
Who is considered the 'Father of Modern Medicine'?
Hippocrates
Which figure advocated the importance of proper diet in physical training?
Herodicus
Which energy system has the highest capacity and longest duration?
Aerobic
Which energy system produces ATP quickly and has a high rate/power?
PCr
Which energy system is not easily fatigued?
OP
Which energy system has the lowest inertia and quickly recovers?
PCr
Which type of muscle fiber is more predominant in LDH1-2?
Slow twitch (type I)
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate into lactate?
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
What is the main source of ATP during high-intensity exercise?
Glycolysis
Who is typically acclaimed as the greatest physiologist of all time?
Claude Bernard
Who discovered continuous blood circulation?
William Harvey
Who is best known for a method to predict optimal exercise training heart rate, the so-called 'karvonen formula'?
Martti Karvonen
What is the equation for relative risk of mortality vs Energy?
Risk = Energy / (kcal/wk)
Who proposed the hierarchical structure of the nervous system and observed the heart as a muscle 'pump'?
Leonardo da Vinci
Who discovered continuous blood circulation?
William Harvey
Who accurately rendered bones, muscles, nerves, internal organs, and blood vessels in a treatise?
Vesalius
Who is typically acclaimed as the greatest physiologist of all time?
Claude Bernard
What are the three energy systems involved in metabolism?
ATPase: Myosin ATPase, Calcium ATPase, Na+ and K+ ATPase
What is the main source of ATP during high-intensity exercise?
Phosphocreatine (PCr)
What is the equation for the reaction between PCr and ADP?
PCr + ADP -> Creatine Kinase -> Creatine + ATP
What is the role of the creatine-phosphate shuttle?
To transport creatine and PCr between the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms
What is the role of ATP in cell diffusion?
ATP is a big molecule that needs to diffuse through the cell.
What are the smaller molecules that can easily move back and forth through the cell?
PCr and Cr are much smaller and easier to move back and forth.
Why is a shuttle required to diffuse PCr and Cr across the cell?
PCr and Cr are small molecules and a shuttle is needed to facilitate their diffusion across the cell.
What happens to PCr levels during exercise?
PCr levels decrease as exercise starts and reach a steady state after a certain point due to increased PCr breakdown.
What is the definition of Exercise Physiology?
Exercise Physiology is the study of the body's responses to exercise/training to maximize physical potential, including the generation and consumption of metabolic energy during physical activity.
What are three reasons to study Exercise Physiology?
- Understanding Physiological Changes: Understand how physiological functioning should change based on the types of exercise and how to modify a training program. 2. Promoting Physical Activity: Understanding the benefits of physical activity encourages people to become lifelong exercisers and dispels exercise myths. 3. Maximizing Health and Performance: Research in this field helps maximize health and performance programs.
Who is considered the 'Father of Modern Medicine'?
Hippocrates is considered the 'Father of Modern Medicine'.
Study Notes
Exercise Physiology and its History
- Exercise Physiology is defined as the study of the physiological responses and adaptations that occur during exercise or physical activity.
- Hippocrates is considered the 'Father of Modern Medicine'.
Energy Systems
- The energy system with the highest capacity and longest duration is the oxidative system.
- The energy system that produces ATP quickly and has a high rate/power is the phosphocreatine system.
- The energy system that is not easily fatigued is the oxidative system.
- The energy system with the lowest inertia and quickest recovery is the phosphocreatine system.
Muscle Fibers and Glycolysis
- Type I muscle fibers are more predominant in LDH1-2.
- The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate.
- The enzyme responsible for the conversion of pyruvate into lactate is LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase).
High-Intensity Exercise and ATP
- The main source of ATP during high-intensity exercise is the phosphocreatine system.
Famous Physiologists and Their Contributions
- Claude Bernard is typically acclaimed as the greatest physiologist of all time.
- William Harvey discovered continuous blood circulation.
- Karvonen is best known for a method to predict optimal exercise training heart rate, the so-called 'karvonen formula'.
- The equation for relative risk of mortality vs Energy is not provided in the text.
Hierarchical Structure of the Nervous System and Blood Circulation
- René Descartes proposed the hierarchical structure of the nervous system and observed the heart as a muscle 'pump'.
- William Harvey discovered continuous blood circulation.
Anatomical Knowledge and Treatises
- Leonardo da Vinci accurately rendered bones, muscles, nerves, internal organs, and blood vessels in a treatise.
Energy Systems and Metabolism
- The three energy systems involved in metabolism are the phosphocreatine system, the glycolytic system, and the oxidative system.
Creatine-Phosphate Shuttle and ATP
- The equation for the reaction between PCr and ADP is not provided in the text.
- The role of the creatine-phosphate shuttle is to facilitate the rapid diffusion of PCr and Cr across the cell.
- The role of ATP in cell diffusion is to provide energy for the cell's various activities.
PCr Levels and Exercise
- PCr levels decrease during exercise.
Importance of Exercise Physiology
- Three reasons to study Exercise Physiology are not provided in the text.
Test your knowledge on ATPase enzymes, phosphocreatine, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation with this quiz. Learn about the different metabolic pathways involved in anaerobic and aerobic metabolism.
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