36 Questions
What is the primary function of ATP hydrolysis in the cell?
To release energy for various cellular processes
What is the net result of fuel oxidation in the cell?
Yielding high-energy phosphate bonds and CO2
What is the purpose of rephosphorylating ADP in the cell?
To replenish ATP in the cell
What type of work does ATP provide energy for in the cell?
Chemical work, osmotic work, and mechanical work
What is the byproduct of ATP hydrolysis in the cell?
ADP and Pi
What is the role of oxygen in the ATP-ADP cycle?
To oxidize fuel molecules to generate ATP
What is ATP referred to as in the context of cellular energy?
The common currency of energy
What is the primary role of the ATP-ADP cycle in bioenergetics?
To conserve energy in living cells
What is the primary difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?
The direction of energy transfer
What is the final product of the energy released during oxidative phosphorylation?
ATP
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
They act as 'paychecks' that are converted to ATP
What is the purpose of the Josiah Gibbs equation in bioenergetics?
To determine the standard free energy of a reaction
What is the primary source of ATP in the cell?
Oxidative phosphorylation
What is the significance of the positive ∆G° value in the phosphoglycerate kinase reaction?
It indicates that the reaction is reversible
What is the term for the energy available to do work in a system?
Free energy
What is the byproduct of the phosphoglycerate kinase reaction?
ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate
What is the name of the cycle that produces NADH and FADH2?
Krebs Cycle
What is the concept that describes the direction of energy transfer in living systems?
First law of thermodynamics
What is the third and last irreversible step in glycolysis?
Pyruvate kinase reaction
What is the term for the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP?
Exergonic reaction
What is the end product of the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate?
Pyruvate
What is necessary for an endergonic reaction to occur?
It must obtain its energy from an exergonic reaction
What is the sign of ΔG for an exergonic reaction?
Negative
What is the purpose of the transition state in a reaction?
To facilitate the conversion of reactants to products
What is the unit of ΔG in the Josiah Gibbs Equation?
Kcal/mol
What is the significance of the negative sign in ΔG?
It indicates an exergonic reaction
Which of the following has the most negative ΔG⁰ value?
Phosphoenolpyruvate
What is characteristic of biosynthetic reactions?
They are spontaneous
What is the characteristic of exergonic reactions in terms of free energy?
Negatively charged change in free energy
Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction?
Catabolic reaction
What is the result of the total entropy of a system in all natural processes?
It always increases
What is the condition under which the standard free energy change (ΔG°) of a reaction is measured?
At 25°C and pH of 7.0
Which law of thermodynamics states that the universe tends toward disorder?
The second law of thermodynamics
What is the result of the total energy of a system, including its surroundings, according to the first law of thermodynamics?
It always remains constant
What is the characteristic of exergonic reactions in terms of their spontaneity?
They are spontaneous
Which of the following is NOT true about exergonic reactions?
They are exemplified by anabolic reactions
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