Biochemistry Fatty Acids and Energy Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

How does the ATP yield from an 18-carbon fatty acid compare with the ATP yield from 18 carbons' worth of glucose?

  • ATP yield varies greatly and can't be compared
  • More ATP from fatty acid (correct)
  • Less ATP from fatty acid
  • The same amount of ATP from both

Which of the following statements about high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is true?

  • HDL is primarily responsible for transporting triglycerides
  • HDL contributes to the accumulation of fat in tissues
  • HDL carries cholesterol from tissues to the liver (correct)
  • HDL has no role in cholesterol management

What is one disadvantage of using fats instead of carbohydrates as energy reserves?

  • Fats require more oxygen for oxidation than carbohydrates (correct)
  • Fats can not store energy as effectively as carbohydrates
  • Fats are less calorically dense than carbohydrates
  • Fats provide energy more quickly than carbohydrates

Which tissue type primarily stores and releases fat?

<p>Adipose tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does shivering play in thermoregulation?

<p>Increases metabolic heat production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is primarily involved in the breakdown of fatty acids?

<p>Beta-oxidation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycolysis in the catabolic pathway?

<p>Conversion of glucose to pyruvate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is involved in converting amino acids to energy?

<p>Deamination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

<p>Gluconeogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does lipase play in metabolic processes?

<p>Degrades lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between anabolism and catabolism?

<p>Anabolism requires energy, while catabolism releases energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process produces carbon dioxide as a product?

<p>Citric Acid Cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the majority of ATP synthesis occur during cellular respiration?

<p>Electron Transport Chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for ATP synthesis during cellular respiration?

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about glycolysis is correct?

<p>Glycolysis does not require oxygen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

<p>They act as carriers for electrons to the electron transport chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much ATP is typically produced from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

<p>36-38 ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is considered anaerobic?

<p>Fermentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Metabolism

All the chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life.

Cellular Respiration

The process that breaks down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.

Catabolism

The breaking down of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Anabolism

The building of complex molecules from simpler ones.

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Glycolysis

The process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate.

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Aerobic

Requires oxygen.

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Anaerobic

Does not require oxygen.

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ATP production from glucose

Glucose is broken down in cellular respiration to produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell.

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ATP yield from fatty acids vs. glucose

18-carbon fatty acid yields more ATP than 18 carbons' worth of glucose.

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Lipid transport in blood

Lipids, insoluble in water, are transported by protein-coated particles called lipoproteins.

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Liver's role in cholesterol

The liver removes excess cholesterol from the blood and excretes it.

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Advantages of fat reserves

Fats store more energy per gram and provide insulation.

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Disadvantage of fat over carb as energy

Fat is a slower source of energy than carbohydrates.

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Fatty Acid Synthesis

Conversion of Acetyl-CoA into fatty acids.

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Beta-oxidation

Breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA.

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Deamination

Removal of amino group from amino acids.

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Gluconeogenesis

Formation of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

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Glycogen Formation

Conversion of glucose into glycogen, a storage form.

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