Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following compounds contains a longer carbon chain?
Which of the following compounds contains a longer carbon chain?
Which role is primarily associated with Acetyl-CoA?
Which role is primarily associated with Acetyl-CoA?
What occurs during the process of dehydrogenation?
What occurs during the process of dehydrogenation?
Which of the following is true about Acyl-CoA?
Which of the following is true about Acyl-CoA?
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What happens during the hydration step of the process described?
What happens during the hydration step of the process described?
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What happens during the dehydrogenation process mentioned?
What happens during the dehydrogenation process mentioned?
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What does the acetyl-transfer process do to the fatty acid chain?
What does the acetyl-transfer process do to the fatty acid chain?
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Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?
Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?
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What is the first step in fatty acid synthesis?
What is the first step in fatty acid synthesis?
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How is acetyl-CoA transported into the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis?
How is acetyl-CoA transported into the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis?
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What molecule forms when fatty acids are attached to CoA?
What molecule forms when fatty acids are attached to CoA?
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How are fatty acids transported into the mitochondria?
How are fatty acids transported into the mitochondria?
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What happens once fatty acids are inside the mitochondria?
What happens once fatty acids are inside the mitochondria?
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What is the main difference between acetyl-CoA and acyl-CoA?
What is the main difference between acetyl-CoA and acyl-CoA?
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How are high energy molecules for ATP production generated during fat metabolism?
How are high energy molecules for ATP production generated during fat metabolism?
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Study Notes
Dehydrogenation
- Dehydrogenation converts -OH group on beta carbon into a C=O double bond, making the molecule more reactive.
- Involves removal of hydrogen atoms from a specific place in a molecule, transferring them to FAD+ and forming a double bond between neighboring carbon atoms.
Acetyl-CoA
- Central in energy production, entering the citric acid cycle to generate energy.
- Forms when fatty acid chain is broken down into smaller pieces, producing energy in citric acid cycle.
- Can be converted from citrate, which is formed in mitochondria, and then transported into cytosol for fatty acid synthesis.
Fatty Acid Synthesis
- Occurs in cytosol, converting acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA (a 3-carbon molecule) and then adding more acetyl groups to build a longer fatty acid chain.
- Involves the combination of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to form a longer fatty acid chain.
Fatty Acid Breakdown
- Fatty acids are attached to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA, which is then broken down into smaller pieces, each with 2 carbon atoms, to produce energy.
- Breaking down fatty acids generates acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle to produce high-energy molecules used for ATP.
- Fatty acids are transported into mitochondria by attaching to carnitine, and then removed to form acetyl-CoA, which is broken down for energy.
Acyl-CoA vs Acetyl-CoA
- Acyl-CoA has a longer carbon chain and is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids.
- Acetyl-CoA contains two carbon acetyls and is central in energy production, entering the citric acid cycle to generate energy.
4 Steps in Fatty Acid Breakdown
Hydration
- Water is added to the double bond formed in dehydrogenation, changing the double bond to a single bond and attaching a hydroxyl group to the beta carbon.
Other Key Points
- DHAP is formed from breaking down fructose 1-phosphate.
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Description
Learn about the processes of dehydrogenation, acetyl-transfer, and fatty acid synthesis in biochemistry.
