Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?
What is the primary role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?
- To decrease the activation energy needed for the reaction. (correct)
- To be consumed in the reaction.
- To increase the activation energy required for the reaction.
- To alter the equilibrium of the reaction.
Which statement best describes the specificity of enzymes?
Which statement best describes the specificity of enzymes?
- Enzymes increase reaction rate randomly.
- Enzymes catalyze only specific types of reactions and use specific substrates or chemically related molecules. (correct)
- Enzymes catalyze a wide range of reactions, using any substrate.
- Enzymes generally affect the equilibrium of the reaction.
If an enzyme is classified as a 'hydrolase', what type of reaction does it most likely catalyze?
If an enzyme is classified as a 'hydrolase', what type of reaction does it most likely catalyze?
- The breaking of bonds using water. (correct)
- Oxidation-reduction reactions.
- The formation of bonds by condensation.
- The transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another.
What distinguishes a catalyst from other substances involved in a chemical reaction?
What distinguishes a catalyst from other substances involved in a chemical reaction?
Which of the following accurately describes the efficiency of enzyme-catalyzed reactions compared to uncatalyzed reactions?
Which of the following accurately describes the efficiency of enzyme-catalyzed reactions compared to uncatalyzed reactions?
What is the role of activation energy in a chemical reaction?
What is the role of activation energy in a chemical reaction?
If an enzyme's EC number is 2.4.1.11, what class does this enzyme belong to?
If an enzyme's EC number is 2.4.1.11, what class does this enzyme belong to?
What distinguishes a ribozyme from a typical enzyme?
What distinguishes a ribozyme from a typical enzyme?
The catalytically active form of an enzyme is known as:
The catalytically active form of an enzyme is known as:
What does the Michaelis constant (Km) reflect regarding enzyme activity?
What does the Michaelis constant (Km) reflect regarding enzyme activity?
Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect enzyme activity?
Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect enzyme activity?
An enzyme shows maximum activity at its:
An enzyme shows maximum activity at its:
What is the relationship between substrate concentration and reaction rate in the graph presented?
What is the relationship between substrate concentration and reaction rate in the graph presented?
A substance that reduces the velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is categorized as:
A substance that reduces the velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is categorized as:
A unit of enzyme activity is the:
A unit of enzyme activity is the:
What distinguishes reversible inhibition from irreversible inhibition?
What distinguishes reversible inhibition from irreversible inhibition?
Flashcards
What are enzymes?
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions within living organisms.
What are enzymes made of?
What are enzymes made of?
Most enzymes are proteins, but some are RNA molecules called ribozymes.
How do enzymes affect reaction equilibrium?
How do enzymes affect reaction equilibrium?
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction but do not change its equilibrium.
What is enzyme specificity?
What is enzyme specificity?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is activation energy?
What is activation energy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are catalysts?
What are catalysts?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do enzymes work?
How do enzymes work?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How are enzymes classified?
How are enzymes classified?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Apoenzyme
Apoenzyme
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cofactor
Cofactor
Signup and view all the flashcards
Holoenzyme
Holoenzyme
Signup and view all the flashcards
Active Site
Active Site
Signup and view all the flashcards
Enzyme activity
Enzyme activity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Inhibitor
Inhibitor
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reversible inhibition
Reversible inhibition
Signup and view all the flashcards
Km
Km
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Describe enzymes and their common properties
- List the enzyme classifications in correct order
- Describe the factors that change enzyme activity
- Explain the relationship between Km and activity
- Explain enzyme inhibition and inhibition types
Metabolic Reactions
- Enzymes facilitate biochemical reactions
- Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy
- Enzymes are not consumed during a reaction
- Enzymes change substrates by binding to them
Glycolysis
- Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway
- Enzymes are used in each reaction of glycolysis
- Glycolysis is a series of enzymatic reactions
- Glucose is converted to pyruvate
Activation Energy
- Activation energy is the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction.
- Enzymes lower the activation energy necessary
- Reactions proceed faster with lower activation energy
Activation Energy and Catalysts
- Catalysts increase reaction rates by lowering activation energy
- Enzymes act as biological catalysts
- Enzymes are not consumed during the reaction
- Enzymes lower reaction energy
Enzymes
- Enzymes are biocatalysts
- Enzymes increase reaction rates
- Enzymes are biological catalysts
Properties of Enzymes
- Most enzymes are proteins
- Ribozymes are catalytic RNA
- Enzymes change reaction rate (efficiency)
- Enzymes show substrate specificity
Efficiency
- Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are highly efficient (10^3 to 10^8 times faster)
- Carbonic anhydrase is a fast enzyme
Specificity
- Reaction specificity: A given enzyme catalyzes a specific type of reaction
- Substrate specificity: An enzyme uses specific molecules
Enzyme Nomenclature: Classification
- Enzymes are classified based on the type of reaction they catalyze
- Enzyme Commission (EC) Number is a unique identifier for each enzyme
Enzyme Kinetics and Km
- Km reflects an enzyme's affinity for a substrate
- Small Km = high affinity, Large Km = low affinity
- Vmax is maximal reaction rate
Km, A Clinical Example
- Km value depends on the gene
- Example: alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase
Regulation of Enzyme Activity
- Enzyme activity is regulated by several factors
- Enzyme amount, synthesis, and degradation affect activity
- Enzyme modification, covalent, compartments, and isozymes affect activity
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of enzymes, including their properties, classifications, and the factors that affect their activity. It delves into glycolysis as a metabolic pathway where enzymes play a crucial role in biochemical reactions. Understand activation energy and the significance of catalysts in these processes.
