16 Questions
What is the study of enzymes called?
Enzymology
What is the main function of enzymes in biochemical processes?
Catalyzing chemical reactions
What is the diagnostic and prognostic importance of enzymes in medicine?
They have diagnostic and prognostic significance
How do enzymes affect the rate of biochemical reactions?
Increase the rate by lowering activation energy
Which type of enzymes are formed at a constant rate?
Constitutive enzymes
What is the most effective enzyme that converts 40 million molecules of H2O2 into O2 and H2O in 1 second?
Catalase
Which model explains enzyme-substrate specificity by describing a complementary fit between the enzyme and substrate?
Fischer 'lock and key' model
How many amino acids are directly involved in catalysis at the catalytic site of enzymes?
2-4
What is the basis for enzyme nomenclature?
Type of reaction, substrate, product, origin site, and mechanism of effect
Which classification of enzymes is based on their catalytic activity?
Oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases
What influences enzyme function and is essential for catalytic activity?
Cofactors, coenzymes, and prosthetic groups
What are physically distinct forms of the same enzyme, differing in quaternary structure, kinetic parameters, and distribution in tissues and organs?
Isoenzymes
How are enzymes regulated through factors like temperature, pH, substrate concentration, allosteric regulation, covalent modification, and enzyme concentration?
Enzyme regulation
What type of enzymes are formed only in the presence of their substrate or a similar substance?
Inducible enzymes
What is the term for the unique name and code assigned to each enzyme?
EC code number
What describes the significantly faster rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions compared to uncatalyzed reactions?
103-1020 times faster
Study Notes
Enzyme Properties and Classification Summary
- Enzymes bind substrates through various interactions like electrostatic, hydrophobic, and Van der Waals interactions, forming enzyme-substrate complexes.
- Constitutive enzymes are formed at a constant rate, while inducible enzymes are formed only in the presence of their substrate or a similar substance.
- Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are significantly faster (103-1020 times) than uncatalyzed reactions.
- Catalase is the most effective enzyme, converting 40 million molecules of H2O2 into O2 and H2O in 1 second.
- Enzymes are not consumed or permanently modified in reactions and exhibit absolute specificity for substrates.
- Enzyme action models include the Fischer "lock and key" model and the Koshland induced fit model, explaining enzyme-substrate specificity.
- Enzymes are large globular proteins with 2-4 amino acids directly involved in catalysis at the catalytic site.
- Enzyme nomenclature is based on the type of reaction, substrate, product, origin site, and mechanism of effect, with each enzyme having a unique name and code (EC code number).
- Enzymes are classified into several classes based on their catalytic activity, including oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.
- Enzyme function is influenced by cofactors, coenzymes, and prosthetic groups, which are essential for catalytic activity.
- Isoenzymes are physically distinct forms of the same enzyme, differing in quaternary structure, kinetic parameters, and distribution in tissues and organs.
- Enzyme regulation occurs through factors like temperature, pH, substrate concentration, allosteric regulation, covalent modification, and enzyme concentration.
Test your knowledge of enzyme properties and classification with this comprehensive quiz. Explore topics such as enzyme-substrate interactions, catalytic efficiency, enzyme nomenclature, classification based on catalytic activity, and factors influencing enzyme function and regulation.
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