Biochemistry: Electrolyte Hydric Balance

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Questions and Answers

Qual es le concentration normale de sodio (Na⁺) in mEq/L?

135–145 mEq/L (correct)

130–140 mEq/L

120–130 mEq/L

145–155 mEq/L

Qual es un symptom de hypernatremia?

Vomitos

Sensation de sete

Deficits neurologic (correct)

Edema

Qual es le key function del sodio (Na⁺)?

Synthese de proteinas

Produzione de energia

Maintener le potential de membrana (correct)

Digestione del alimento

Quo causa le hyponatremia?

Retentia de acqua Signup and view all the answers

Cual es le major componente del fluidos intracellulares (ICFs)?

Potassio Signup and view all the answers

Quale de istos es le equazione pro le Anion Gap?

[Na⁺ + K⁺] - [Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻] Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le percentuale de aqua in un infant normale?

73% Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un possible causa pro la retention de aqua?

Malfunctionamento de hormonos Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le percentuale de aqua in un adulto masculo?

60% Signup and view all the answers

Quae causa non es associate con hypokalemia?

Renal failure Signup and view all the answers

Quae es le norma de calcium in mg/dL?

9–11 Signup and view all the answers

Quae consecution es associate con hypocalcemia?

Neuromuscular excitability Signup and view all the answers

Quae non es un consecution de hypermagnesemia?

Increased blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Quae es le principale cation in le liquide extracellulare (ECF)?

Sodium Signup and view all the answers

Quae es un causa de dehydration?

Renal failure Signup and view all the answers

Quae es le consequence de hypotonic hydration?

Diluted ECF Signup and view all the answers

Quae es non un causa de hypomagnesemia?

Excessive water intake Signup and view all the answers

Quae es le norma de magnesium in mEq/L?

1.5–2.5 Signup and view all the answers

Quae es le consequence de tissue calcifications?

Hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

Quae non es un solutio di electrolyte?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

Quae hormona non es implicate in le regulation del hydric balance?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biochemistry and Electrolyte Hydric Balance

Body Composition in Water varies across age and sex. Infants have a higher proportion of water than adults. Women tend to have less water than men due to higher fat content. Aging is associated with decreased water content, which is amplified by increased adipose tissue and reduced muscle mass.
Body Fluids are primarily water, the solvent for essential solutes. The total body water is divided into intracellular and extracellular compartments. Extracellular fluids include plasma and interstitial fluid. Intracellular fluids are contained within cells.
Electrolytes are inorganic substances that dissociate into ions in solutions, vital for neural and muscle function, fluid balance, and physiological processes. Key electrolytes include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+).
Water Balance: Intake encompasses liquids, food, and metabolic water. Losses occur via urine, skin/respiration, sweat, and feces. Hormones like ADH, Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, and ANP regulate water balance.
Water Balance Disorders: Dehydration results from increased electrolyte concentration; excessive intake leads to hypotonic hydration with diluted extracellular fluids, potentially causing cerebral edema.
Electrolyte Patterns: Extracellular fluids have high sodium, whereas intracellular fluids contain high potassium; each compartment has a unique electrolytic composition.
Anion Gap: A calculation used clinically to help identify metabolic acidosis, with a normal range of ~12 mEq/L.
Sodium (Na+): Key role in neuromuscular function and membrane potential. Variations, hypernatremia or hyponatremia, are tied to disorders impacting renal failure, acidosis, and other factors. Symptoms vary from neurologic deficits in cases of high-sodium levels to weakness and arrhythmias with low sodium. Its regulation is critical.
Potassium (K+): Crucial for neuromuscular activity and bone/teeth mineralization. Imbalances (hypokalemia or hyperkalemia) are associated with various conditions including renal losses, alkalosis, or cell damage, causing issues ranging from muscle weakness to potentially fatal cardiac effects.
Calcium (Ca²+): Essential for enzyme activation, metabolism, and cardiac function. Imbalances arise from conditions like hyperparathyroidism; symptoms include tissue calcifications for high levels, and neurological depression for low levels.
Magnesium (Mg²+): Important for enzyme function and neuromuscular activity. Magnesium imbalances (hypermagnesemia, hypomagnesemia) are observed with renal failure, magnesium-containing drugs, or other conditions; the consequences are diverse and can include tissue dysfunction or neurologic effects.

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Description

Questo quiz explora il ruolo della composizione corporea in acqua, la distribuzione dei fluidi corporei, e l'importanza degli elettroliti. Apprenderai come la bilancia idrica influisce sulla fisiologia e sul funzionamento muscolare. Metti alla prova le tue conoscenze sulla biochimica e il bilancio idrico!