Biochemistry Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

The ______ bug is another name for a firefly.

lightning

Biochemists study the relationship between the ______ and function of biomolecules.

structure

Biochemists study the ______ reactions of organisms, which is referred to as metabolism.

chemical

Biochemists also study ______ within and among organisms.

<p>communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biochemistry can be described as the ______ of life.

<p>chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water is known as the ______ of life.

<p>medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

The bond angle associated with a ______ shape is 107.5 degrees.

<p>trigonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lithium is not a ______ element in biological organisms.

<p>common</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smaller elements tend to make the strongest bonds due to significant ______ overlap.

<p>orbital</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon are examples of ______ elements.

<p>bulk</p> Signup and view all the answers

Magnesium, chromium, and iron are examples of ______ elements.

<p>trace</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ chemistry is the study of chemical and physical properties of carbon compounds.

<p>Organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inorganic chemistry is the study of all compounds that are not ______ compounds.

<p>organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

H2O and CO2 are not ______ molecules because they lack carbon and hydrogen.

<p>organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chemical formula for the 6-carbon alkane, hexane, is C6H______.

<p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

The condensed formula for hexane is CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH______.

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

While they are both cell types, prokaryotes have a simple structure with no ______ present.

<p>organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotes have a true ______ and organelle structures.

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Archaea can live in extreme environments such as hot springs whereas bacteria lives in the ______, water and in/on the human body.

<p>soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lysosomes ______ macromolecules.

<p>digest</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the powerhouse of the cell responsible for producing ATP.

<p>mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ______ has one bond to hydrogen and the second bond to either another hydrogen or carbon.

<p>aldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycine contains ______ and ______ functional groups in its structure.

<p>amine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Retinal contains both ______ and ketone functional groups.

<p>alkene</p> Signup and view all the answers

The compound shown below, retinal, contains both ______ and ketone functional groups.

<p>alkene</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cell wall is a combination of carbohydrates and proteins, which would indicate that it is a ______ level of organization.

<p>supramolecular</p> Signup and view all the answers

The monomer of proteins is ______, the monomer of carbohydrates is ______, and the monomer of DNA is ______.

<p>amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ are single-celled organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles, while ______ are typically multicellular and possess membrane-bound organelles.

<p>Prokaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ are characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

<p>Eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biochemistry

The study of the chemistry of life and how molecular properties relate to organisms.

Medium of Life

Water is known as the 'medium of life' due to its presence in all cells.

Trigonal Pyramidal Shape

A molecular shape with a bond angle of 107.5 degrees.

Common Elements in Biology

Elements frequently found in biological organisms include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

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Transition Metals in Biology

Transition metals are trace elements in organisms but are not commonly forming stable bonds.

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Covalent Bonds Strength

Large elements do not make the strongest covalent bonds; smaller atoms are more effective.

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Lithium in Biology

Lithium is not a common element in biological organisms.

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Water Content in Organisms

Some organisms can be made up of up to 90% water by mass.

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Bulk Elements

Elements that are required in large quantities for life, such as H, C, N, O.

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Trace Elements

Elements needed in very small amounts for proper body function, like Mg and Fe.

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Organic Chemistry

The study of carbon-based compounds, including their properties and reactions.

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Inorganic Chemistry

The study of all compounds that are not organic, including metals and minerals.

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H2O as an Organic Molecule

H2O is not an organic compound because it lacks both carbon and hydrogen together.

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Hexane Formula

Hexane has a chemical formula of C6H14 and a condensed formula of CH3(CH2)4CH3.

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Aldehyde Functional Group

A carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain with an additional hydrogen atom.

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Ketone Functional Group

A carbonyl group (C=O) located between carbon atoms in the chain.

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Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes are simple cells without organelles; eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles.

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Difference between Bacteria and Archaea

Archaea can thrive in extreme environments; bacteria inhabit soil, water, and humans.

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Function of mitochondria

Mitochondria produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP.

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Role of lysosomes

Lysosomes digest macromolecules and break them into smaller pieces.

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Function of vacuoles

Vacuoles store substances and can help with digestion, mainly in plants.

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Aldehyde

A functional group with one bond to hydrogen and one to carbon or hydrogen.

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Functional groups in Glycine

Glycine contains amine and carboxylic acid functional groups.

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Retinal functional groups

Retinal contains alkene and aldehyde but not ketone functional groups.

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Supramolecular complex

A structure formed by multiple macromolecules through non-covalent interactions.

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Monomer of proteins

The basic building block of proteins is an amino acid.

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Monomer of carbohydrates

The basic unit of carbohydrates is a monosaccharide, or sugar.

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Monomer of DNA

The monomer unit of DNA is a nucleotide.

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Study Notes

Problem Set M1

  • Attempt History: The quiz was completed in 661 minutes and scored 5 out of 5 points. It was submitted on September 26th at 5:31 PM.
  • Question 1: Biochemists study biological organisms in three ways:
    • The relationship between the structure and function of biomolecules.
    • Chemical reactions in organisms, known as metabolism.
    • Communication within and between organisms.
  • Question 2: Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of life and how the properties of organisms relate to their molecules. It is also known as the chemistry of life.

Additional Questions and Answers

  • Question 3: Another name for a firefly is a lightning bug.

  • Question 4: Lithium (Li) is not a common element in biological organisms.

  • Question 5: Water is known as the "medium of life" because it is found inside and outside cells.

  • Question 6: The bond angle associated with a trigonal pyramidal shape is 107.5 degrees.

  • Question 7: Transition metals are not commonly found in biological organisms because they do not form stable covalent bonds. They are trace elements.

  • Question 8: Water can constitute up to 90% of a living organism by mass (in some plants).

  • Question 9: Smaller elements tend to make the strongest covalent bonds due to significant overlap. Larger elements do not.

  • Question 10:

    • Bulk elements: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
    • Trace elements: magnesium, chromium, iron, (and others listed)

  • Question 11: Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based compounds, while inorganic chemistry studies all other compounds, including metals, minerals, and other non-organic compounds, not just metals.

  • Question 12:

    • H₂O is not an organic molecule.
    • CO₂ is not an organic molecule.
    • C₁₀₀H₂₀₂ is an organic molecule.

  • Question 13:

    • Chemical formula for hexane: C₆H₁₄
    • Condensed formula for hexane: CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

  • Question 14: Draw both Kekulé and line-bond structures of butane and hexane on your own paper. (Structures provided in document).

  • Question 15: The aldehyde and ketone functional groups are nearly identical, differing only by hydrogen's presence in the aldehyde group.

  • Question 16: Glycine has both amine and carboxylic acid functional groups.

  • Question 17: Refute statement: retinal does not have a ketone, instead it has alkenes and an aldehyde functional group.

  • Question 18: A cell wall is a supramolecular complex, because it results from the combination of macromolecules.

  • Question 19:

    • Proteins: amino acids
    • Carbohydrates: monosaccharides
    • DNA: nucleotides

  • Question 20: Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles (including a nucleus), while eukaryotes have them. Eukaryotes are generally larger than prokaryotes.

  • Question 21: Archaea often inhabit extreme environments (such as hot springs), while bacteria are commonly found in soil, water, and on the human body.

  • Question 22:

    • Mitochondria: responsible for producing ATP (energy).
    • Lysosomes: break down macromolecules.
    • Vacuoles: often have digestive properties and act as storage centres.

  • Question 23: The energy molecule produced in the mitochondria is adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

  • Question 24: This review quiz is a crucial study resource for the upcoming module exam

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Description

Test your knowledge of biochemistry concepts in this quiz. From the structure-function relationship of biomolecules to the role of water in biological systems, cover fundamental topics that highlight the chemistry of life. Perfect for students eager to reinforce their understanding of biochemistry.

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