Biochemistry Basics Quiz

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diastereomers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a characteristic four-ring structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chiral molecules cannot be superimposed on their mirror images, while achiral molecules can. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diastereomers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enantiomers and diastereomers are distinct types of stereoisomers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they have a plane of symmetry, making them superimposable on their mirror image. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An atom that has four different substituents attached to it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent the absolute configuration of a chiral center. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diastereomers are molecules with the same parts that are different across a plane of symmetry. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interactions with chiral molecules or light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mixture of two enantiomers in a 50/50 ratio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are mirror images of each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule with two or more sp3 chiral stereocenters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins can distinguish between enantiomers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By observing their reactions with chiral molecules or light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They indicate the absolute configuration at the stereocenter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enantiomers are always mirror images of each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must have four different substituents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mixture of two enantiomers in equal amounts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enantiomers are mirror images of each other, while diastereomers are not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids have a polar head group, while triglycerides do not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their amphipathic nature, allowing them to form a bilayer structure with hydrophilic heads facing the watery environment and hydrophobic tails forming the core of the membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esterification links three fatty acid molecules to a glycerol molecule, forming a triglyceride. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids contain a phosphate group, while triglycerides do not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store energy for long-term use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophobic interactions between the non-polar tails of phospholipids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their amphipathic nature, possessing both polar and non-polar regions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amphipathic nature of phospholipids allows them to form a bilayer structure with hydrophobic tails facing inwards and hydrophilic heads facing outwards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serve as an energy source (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotides consist of a nucleobase, a carbohydrate, and a phosphate group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleobase, ribose carbohydrate, and phosphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom compared to ribose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polynucleotide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both cyclized and non-cyclized forms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy transfer currency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of spatial arrangements of atoms in molecules.

Isomers that differ in the rotation around single bonds.

The property of a molecule having non-superimposable mirror images.

A pair of stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other.

A mixture that contains equal amounts of both enantiomers of a chiral molecule.

Carbon atoms with four different substituents bonded, creating chirality.

A property of molecules where the mirror image can be superimposed on the original.

A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents, creating stereoisomerism.

Designations for the two enantiomers based on their spatial arrangements.

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements of atoms.

Stereoisomers that are not mirror images and differ across at least one plane of symmetry.

Molecules that cannot be superimposed on their mirror images.

How chiral molecules interact differently with enantiomers.

Diastereomers have different physical properties compared to each other.

Four major classes of molecules essential for life: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

Double layers of lipids that form cell membranes, essential for compartmentalization in cells.

Building blocks of proteins, characterized by a central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, and R group.

Basic unit of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Molecules consisting of sugars, existing as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides.

A class of lipids with a structure of four fused carbon rings, important in cell membranes and signaling.

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Lipids made of 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol for energy storage.

The process of forming esters from glycerol and fatty acids.

Lipids similar to triglycerides but contain a phosphate group, creating a polar head.

The non-polar carbon chains of phospholipids that repel water.

Part of phospholipids that interacts well with water; crucial for membrane properties.

Forces that cause phospholipids to organize in water, forming structures like bilayers.

Phospholipid bilayers create flexible compartments in watery environments for cells.

The primary function of carbohydrates to provide energy for cellular processes, e.g., glucose.

Polymers made up of multiple glucose units used for medium-term energy storage.

Biopolymers, namely DNA and RNA, made of nucleotide monomers.

A five-carbon sugar found in RNA and as part of nucleotides.

A sugar similar to ribose but missing an oxygen atom, found in DNA.

The building blocks of nucleotides, there are five important types.