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Questions and Answers
Which type of carbohydrate is a polymer consisting of chains of monosaccharide or disaccharide units?
Which type of carbohydrate is a polymer consisting of chains of monosaccharide or disaccharide units?
- Disaccharides
- Oligosaccharides
- Polysaccharides (correct)
- Monosaccharides
What is the classification of monosaccharides based on the number of carbon atoms present in the molecule?
What is the classification of monosaccharides based on the number of carbon atoms present in the molecule?
- Carbonyl position
- Number of carbon atoms (correct)
- Isomeric structure
- Number of hydroxyl groups
Which type of carbohydrate is a few monosaccharides (3-12) covalently linked by glycosidic bonds?
Which type of carbohydrate is a few monosaccharides (3-12) covalently linked by glycosidic bonds?
- Oligosaccharides (correct)
- Disaccharides
- Monosaccharides
- Polysaccharides
What is the function of carbohydrates in serving as a structural component of many organisms?
What is the function of carbohydrates in serving as a structural component of many organisms?
Which type of carbohydrate provides a significant fraction of energy in the diet of most organisms?
Which type of carbohydrate provides a significant fraction of energy in the diet of most organisms?
Which type of sugar has the ulose suffix in its nomenclature?
Which type of sugar has the ulose suffix in its nomenclature?
What determines whether a sugar belongs to the D or L series?
What determines whether a sugar belongs to the D or L series?
What physical property is different between the α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose?
What physical property is different between the α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose?
What type of bond is formed when the anomeric hydroxyl and a hydroxyl of another compound join together?
What type of bond is formed when the anomeric hydroxyl and a hydroxyl of another compound join together?
What is the name of the glycoside made from galactose?
What is the name of the glycoside made from galactose?
What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar in terms of nomenclature?
What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar in terms of nomenclature?
How does the orientation of the H and OH groups around the carbon atom adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon determine whether a sugar belongs to the D or L series?
How does the orientation of the H and OH groups around the carbon atom adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon determine whether a sugar belongs to the D or L series?
What physical properties differentiate the α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose?
What physical properties differentiate the α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon with the empirical formula Cn(H2O)n.
- There are many types of carbohydrates.
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are classified into four main groups:
- Monosaccharides: simple sugars with multiple OH groups
- Disaccharides: 2 monosaccharides covalently linked by a glycosidic bond
- Oligosaccharides: a few monosaccharides (3-12) covalently linked by glycosidic bonds
- Polysaccharides: polymers consisting of chains of monosaccharide or disaccharide units
Characteristics of Monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides are classified according to:
- Presence of an aldehyde or ketone group
- Number of carbon atoms present in the molecule
- Aldoses (e.g., glucose) have an aldehyde group at one end
- Ketoses (e.g., fructose) have a ketone group
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Provide a significant fraction of energy in the diet of most organisms
- Serve as a storage form of energy in the body
- Are components of cell membranes
- Serve as a structural component of many organisms, including:
- Exoskeleton of many insects
- Fibrous cellulose of plants
- Cell wall of bacteria
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