38 Questions
What is the purpose of a dosage regimen?
To maintain plasma concentration within therapeutic levels
What is the formula for the maintenance dose?
Cp x Cl x Dose interval
What does the loading dose aim to achieve?
Quickly achieve the volume of distribution and desired plasma level
What is the purpose of reaching steady state in pharmacokinetics?
To maintain a constant rate of drug administration
What is the disadvantage of loading doses if excess levels occur?
Increased risk of drug toxicity
What determines the time needed to reach steady state in pharmacokinetics?
Half-life of the drug
What is the primary purpose of a maintenance dose in pharmacology?
Maintain plasma concentration within therapeutic levels
In what conditions would the maintenance dose be decreased?
In liver or renal disease
'Steady state' in pharmacokinetics is reached in how many half-lives?
~5 t1/2
'Rate in=Rate out' signifies which pharmacokinetic concept?
Steady state
Which of the following best defines bioavailability?
The percentage of the dose of a drug that is actually absorbed into the bloodstream
What factors can affect bioavailability?
Differences in drug formulation
What is the formula for calculating bioavailability (F)?
F = AUC(oral) / AUC(IV) x 100%
What is therapeutic equivalence in terms of drug effects and safety profile?
Same effect and safety profile
Which parameter is used to calculate dosage regimen related to loading dose, dosing rate, maintenance dose, and steady-state bioavailability?
Bioavailability
What is the bioavailability of a drug if it has an oral AUC of 20 mg.hr/ml and an intravenous AUC of 60 mg.hr/ml?
33%
Which factor does not affect bioavailability?
Differences in drug taste
What pharmacokinetic parameter does bioavailability fall under?
Absorption
Which term describes the same effect and safety profile in the treatment of a disease/condition?
Therapeutic equivalence
What does the term 'Therapeutic equivalence' refer to in pharmacology?
Similar clinical efficacy in the treatment of a disease/condition
Which factor affects bioavailability based on the information provided?
GI absorption affect factors
What is the formula for calculating bioavailability (F) based on the given example?
F = AUC(oral) / AUC(IV)
What is the primary purpose of a maintenance dose in pharmacology?
To maintain steady-state drug levels
What does 'Rate in=Rate out' signify in pharmacokinetics?
Steady-state equilibrium
What pharmacokinetic parameter does bioavailability fall under?
Absorption
In what conditions would the maintenance dose be decreased according to pharmacological principles?
In patients with a high metabolic rate
'Steady state' in pharmacokinetics is reached in how many half-lives?
3 to 4
What is the disadvantage of loading doses if excess levels occur?
Increased risk of adverse effects
What is the formula for calculating the loading dose (Ld) in pharmacokinetics?
Ld = CpxVd
What is the disadvantage of loading doses if excess levels occur in pharmacokinetics?
Increased risk of drug toxicity
Which formula represents the maintenance dose (Md) in pharmacokinetics?
Md = Dosing Rate x Dose Interval
When reaching steady-state in pharmacokinetics, what does the rate in equal to?
Rate out
In what conditions would the maintenance dose be decreased in pharmacokinetics?
In liver or renal disease
What determines the time needed to reach steady state in pharmacokinetics?
Half-life of the drug
'Steady-state' in pharmacokinetics is reached in how many half-lives?
4-5 half-lives
'Must have comparable efficacy and safety' refers to which concept in pharmacology?
Therapeutic equivalence
What is the primary purpose of a dosage regimen in pharmacokinetics?
To maintain plasma concentration within therapeutic levels over time
Which term describes the same effect and safety profile in the treatment of a disease/condition?
Therapeutic equivalence
Test your understanding of the fundamental concepts of bioavailability and dosage regimen design in pharmacology. This quiz is based on the lecture by Hoang Nguyen, MD., PhD., RPh., FACHE at Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine.
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