Questions and Answers
What is the study of life?
Biology
What is pseudoscience?
Ideas that can't be scientifically tested
The levels of organization of matter include atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, ________, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biospheres.
organ systems
What are the major principles of living things?
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Producers are living organisms that make their own food.
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Heat is a usable energy source for most living things.
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What is a nutrient?
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The main purpose of DNA is to store ________ information and pass it on to offspring.
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What are the characteristics of Archaea?
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What are the characteristics of Bacteria?
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What are the characteristics of Eukarya?
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Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus to store their DNA.
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What do prokaryotic cells lack?
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Study Notes
Overview of Biology and Pseudoscience
- Biology is the scientific study of life, encompassing various concepts and processes.
- Pseudoscience includes claims that cannot be empirically tested; examples include astrology and flat Earth theory.
Levels of Organization of Matter
- Hierarchical organization: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biosphere.
- Population: a group of individuals of the same species within a specific area.
- Community: multiple populations of different species coexisting in a defined area.
- Ecosystem: the interaction between a community and its environment.
Characteristics Uniting All Living Things
- Major principles: cellular organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth and development, responsiveness, reproduction, and evolution.
Producers vs. Consumers
- Producers: organisms that create their own food (e.g., plants via photosynthesis).
- Consumers: organisms that rely on other resources for energy, including herbivores and carnivores.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis refers to the mechanisms that maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
- Energy flows unidirectionally from producers to primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers.
- Heat, produced as a byproduct of metabolic processes, is generally not usable energy for organisms.
Nutrients in Ecosystems
- Nutrients are substances that provide energy and materials vital for an organism's growth and function.
- Nutrients cycle between living organisms and their non-living environment.
DNA and its Role in Living Organisms
- DNA serves as the repository for genetic information and is essential for heredity.
- All living organisms, including prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (plants and animals), contain DNA.
Taxonomic Organization of the Three Domains of Life
- Archaea: single-celled, thrive in extreme environments, possess unique cell structures.
- Bacteria: single-celled, diverse, simpler cell structures compared to eukaryotes.
- Eukarya: multicellular, complex organisms with a defined nucleus.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells: lack a nucleus, lack membrane-bound organelles, generally simpler structure, primarily bacteria and archaea.
- Eukaryotic cells: possess a nucleus for DNA storage and multiple membrane-bound organelles, complex structure.
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Description
Prepare for your BIO 189 midterm with this comprehensive study guide. It covers key concepts from Modules 1-3 and essential chapters from 'Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology.' Review the specified chapters to ensure you're well-prepared for the exam.
