BIO 189 Midterm Study Guide

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Which of the following is NOT considered a level of organization in biology?

Subatomic particle (correct)
Ecosystem
Organism
Tissue

A ___ is a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area and interact with each other.

Population (correct)
Taxon
Ecosystem
Community

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of science?

Consistency with established theories
Reliance on empirical evidence
Belief in supernatural explanations (correct)
Ability to make predictions

Which of the following is the MOST inclusive level of organization in biology?

Ecosystem (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic that distinguishes science from pseudoscience?

Ability to make testable predictions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the LEAST inclusive level of organization in biology?

Atom (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a producer and a consumer in an ecosystem?

Producers are autotrophic and create their own food, while consumers are heterotrophic and obtain energy by consuming other organisms. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of homeostasis in living organisms?

The passive equilibrium of an organism's internal environment with the external environment. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of DNA in living organisms?

To store and transmit genetic information for the inheritance of traits. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya) based on cellular structure?

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya all have the same types of membrane-bound organelles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?

A hypothesis is a temporary, tentative explanation, while a theory is a well-established, widely accepted explanation supported by extensive evidence. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of experimental design that helps scientists avoid bias?

Allowing the researcher to choose the participants in the experiment based on their personal preferences. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

To speed up the rate of chemical reactions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

Reactants are the molecules that enter the reaction, and products are the molecules that remain after the reaction is complete. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in cells?

To store and release energy for cellular processes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between passive and active transport across the cell membrane?

Passive transport moves molecules down their concentration gradient, while active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the active site of an enzyme?

To provide a surface for the enzyme to bind to the substrate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions in terms of their effect on the movement of water across the cell membrane?

Hypertonic solutions cause water to move out of the cell, hypotonic solutions cause water to move into the cell, and isotonic solutions have no effect on water movement. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the surface area and volume of a cell?

The surface area must be larger than the volume to facilitate efficient exchange of materials. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in cells?

Protein synthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Photosynthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes a biofilm?

A biofilm is a community of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and are encased in a self-produced matrix. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for modifying and packaging proteins and lipids for transport within the cell?

Golgi apparatus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails in phospholipids?

To interact with other hydrophobic molecules in the bilayer (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differ in their structure?

Saturated fatty acids have single bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

To catalyze and increase the rate of chemical reactions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components of the cell theory is incorrect?

All cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ribosomes in a cell?

To synthesize proteins based on the genetic information (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

A glycerol molecule with three fatty acid tails attached (B) Signup and view all the answers