Bio 121 - Lab 6: Grantia in Phylum Porifera
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are characteristics of Grantia? (Select all that apply)

  • Eukaryotic (correct)
  • Heterotrophic (correct)
  • Multicellular (correct)
  • Photosynthetic
  • What is the classification of Grantia?

    Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Animalia, Subkingdom: Parazoa, Phylum Porifera, Common Name: Sponge

    Where is the habitat of Grantia?

    Coastline of the North Atlantic, Intertidal regions

    How does Grantia obtain food?

    <p>Through spongocoel, using flagellated cells that draw in water and trap food particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skeleton does Grantia have?

    <p>Loose aggregations of cells with spongin and hard spicules made of calcium carbonate or silica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Grantia is a motile organism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adaptations of Grantia?

    <p>Flagellated cells, stalk for attachment, spicules for defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the reproduction process of Grantia.

    <p>Hermaphroditic; sexual reproduction involves releasing sperm into seawater, while asexual reproduction occurs through fragmentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two friends of sponge.

    <p>Alpysina, Spongilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the osculum in Grantia?

    <p>It is the large opening through which water and wastes leave the spongocoel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a spongocoel?

    <p>An internal cavity lined with flagellated cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of choanocytes in Grantia?

    <p>Filter feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The filter feeding process in Grantia flows as follows: Water --> outside --> ______ --> spongocoel --> osculum --> out of body.

    <p>ostium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Grantia Characteristics

    • Eukaryotic organism with a multicellular structure.
    • Heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients from organic matter.

    Grantia Classification

    • Classified under Domain: Eukarya and Kingdom: Animalia.
    • Subkingdom: Parazoa, indicating a lack of true tissues and organs.
    • Phylum: Porifera; commonly known as sponges.

    Grantia Habitat

    • Found along the coastline of the North Atlantic.
    • Commonly inhabits intertidal regions.

    Grantia Energy/Food Source

    • Features a spongocoel, an internal cavity lined with flagellated cells.
    • Flagella beat to draw in water, fine organic particles, and microorganisms through the body wall's tiny pores.
    • Food particles are captured in mucilaginous material and absorbed by cells for digestion.
    • Waste and excess water exit the spongocoel through the osculum at the sponge's top, a process known as filter feeding.

    Grantia Type of Skeleton

    • Comprised of loose aggregations of various cell types and fibrous proteins, notably spongin.
    • Contains hard spicules made of calcium carbonate or silica for structural support.

    Grantia Motility

    • Primarily sessile, with limited movement in larvae and sperm.

    Grantia Adaptations

    • Flagellated cells enhance water flow into the spongocoel, facilitating nutrient acquisition.
    • Stalk structure anchors the sponge to prevent drifting.
    • Presence of spicules serves as a physical deterrent against predators.

    Grantia Reproduction

    • Hermaphroditic, possessing both male and female reproductive structures.
    • Sexual reproduction involves releasing sperm into seawater, fertilizing eggs within other sponges.
    • Zygote develops into an embryo that transforms into a flagellated larva, which exits through the osculum and eventually settles to form a new colony.
    • Asexual reproduction occurs via fragmentation; broken pieces can regenerate into new sponges.

    Sponge Friends

    • Associated sponge species include Alpysina and Spongilla.

    Osculum

    • Large opening through which water and waste products are expelled from the spongocoel.

    Spongocoel

    • The internal cavity characterized by flagellated cells.
    • Functions in drawing water and organic particles into the sponge through ostia (small pores).

    Ostium

    • Small openings in the body wall that facilitate water entry into the spongocoel.

    Choanocytes

    • Specialized flagellated cells crucial for water circulation and feeding.

    Filter Feeding Process

    • Sequence: Water enters through ostium, flows into spongocoel, exits through osculum.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the characteristics, classification, and habitat of Grantia, a sponge belonging to the Phylum Porifera. Explore key concepts related to this organism and its ecological significance in the North Atlantic coastline. Test your knowledge of this fascinating marine life!

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