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भाषा की समझ के लिए कौन सी सबसे अधिक महत्वपूर्ण है?
व्याकरण की परिभाषा क्या है?
17वीं शताब्दी से व्याकरण किस प्रकार की भाषा पर केंद्रित था?
भाषा के विकास का अध्ययन कौन करता है?
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किन व्याकरणविदों ने भाषा के नियमों का वर्णन किया?
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व्याकरण का उद्देश्य क्या है?
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भाषा के नियमों और संरचना को नियंत्रित करने वाला क्या है?
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निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी शाखा भाषा के विकास का अध्ययन करती है?
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किसने भाषा के अंतर्निहित संरचना का अध्ययन किया?
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व्याकरण की महत्ता क्या है?
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निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा विषय व्याकरण से संबंधित है?
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ऑस्ट्रेलिया और यूनाइटेड किंगडम में नए अंग्रेजी पाठ्यक्रमों में क्या फोकस है?
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Study Notes
Language: The Study of Grammar
Language is a complex system of communication that involves various elements such as phonology (sounds), morphology (word formation), syntax (sentence structure), and semantics (meaning). Grammar, as the study of these abstract features, is essential in understanding how languages work and how one can effectively communicate within a given linguistic community.
Conceptions of Grammar
The conception of grammar has evolved over time, with various linguists and scholars contributing to our understanding of the subject. A common contemporary definition of grammar is the underlying structure of a language that any native speaker intuitively knows. The systematic description of the features of a language is also considered a grammar. These features include phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.
Modern and Contemporary Grammars
From the 17th century, grammars were primarily focused on formal, written, literary language and were often used for reforming, purifying, or standardizing language. However, by the middle of the 20th century, there was opposition to teaching grammar solely through prescriptive and proscriptive rules. Instead, historical grammarians studied the evolution of languages through time, while descriptive linguists focused on the spoken language and attempted to describe a language's rules without prescribing what should be done or prohibited.
Generative or transformational grammarians, such as Noam Chomsky, studied the knowledge that native speakers possess, which enables them to produce and understand an infinite number of sentences. This approach aimed to describe the underlying structure of a language and account for all instances of a speaker's performance.
Ancient and Medieval Grammars
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to study grammar, focusing on the elements of language such as phonology and morphology. The understanding of grammar continued to develop with the work of historical grammarians, who studied the evolution of languages through time, and descriptive linguists, who examined spoken languages.
The Importance of Grammar
Grammar plays a crucial role in effective communication, as it governs the rules and structure of a language. It is essential for both native speakers and non-native speakers who aim to master a new language. Understanding grammar can help in improving sentence structure and clarity, enhancing academic writing, and addressing common writing issues such as bureaucratese and the lack of energy in prose.
Grammar in Education
In many countries, such as Australia and the United Kingdom, new English curricula have been designed with a focus on grammar, avoiding the prescriptivism of former times and using techniques that promote a lively and thoughtful spirit of inquiry.
Linguistic Research Topics
There are numerous research topics within the field of linguistics that focus on grammar, including:
- Universal Grammar: An innate mental structure that enables humans to learn and process languages.
- Syntax: The study of sentence structure and word arrangement.
- Morphology: The study of word formation and the rules that govern changes in word forms.
- Generative Grammar: The theory that the human mind contains an innate capacity to produce and understand an infinite number of sentences.
- Transformational Grammar: A theory of language structure that focuses on the underlying structure of a language and the rules governing its usage.
In conclusion, grammar is a critical aspect of language that underpins effective communication. It has evolved over time, with various linguists and scholars contributing to our understanding of its components and rules. Today, grammar continues to be a focus of study in linguistics, education, and other fields that involve the use of language.
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भाषा एक जटिल संचार प्रणाली है जिसमें विभिन्न तत्व शामिल हैं जैसे कि ध्वनि विज्ञान, रूप विज्ञान, वाक्य संरचना और अर्थ विज्ञान। व्याकरण इन सार तत्वों का अध्ययन है जो किसी दिए गए भाषाई समुदाय में प्रभावी संचार करने में आवश्यक है।
