10 Questions
Which of the following antibiotics is resistant to Staph A and Entero?
Vancomycin
Which antibiotic is classified as an unclassified drug according to the text?
Mupirocin
Which antibiotic is a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor and has activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?
Levofloxacin
Which antibiotic is considered a first-generation quinolone with the least activity?
Norfloxacin
Which antibiotic is used as a second-line treatment for malaria?
Sulfasoxazole
Which antibiotic is specifically effective against UTI and TB?
Moxifloxacin
Which of the following antibiotics is NOT used due to resistance issues mentioned in the text?
Sulfamethoxazole
What antibiotic is effective against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Salmonella, and E. coli among others?
Nalidixic Acid
Which of the following antibiotics is classified as a third-generation quinolone according to the text?
Moxifloxacin
Which antibiotic is ineffective against Flavobacterium and Bacitracin among others as per the information provided?
Polymyxin
Study Notes
Beta-Lactams
- PENICILLINS:
- Natural Penicillin: Benzylpenicillin (Pen G), Procaine Pen G, and Benzathine Pen G; effective against Gram positive (Strep, Entero, Clostridium)
- Beta-lactamase resistant/Anti-staphylococcal penicillin: Methicillin, Nafcillin; effective against MSSA/MRSA
- Isoxazolyl penicillin: Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Flucloxacillin; extended spectrum, better Gram negative activity
- Broad spectrum: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin; not effective against Gram negative bacteria
- Antipseudomonal penicillin: Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin, Carfecillin; effective against E. Coli, Kleb, Pseudomonas
- CEPHALOSPORINS:
- First generation: Cephalothin, Cephapirin, Cephalexin, Cephradine, Cefadroxil, Cefazolin; more effective against Gram positive
- Second generation: Cefamandole, Cefuroxime, Cefonicid, Ceforanide, Cefaclor, Cefoxitin; more Gram negative activity
- Third generation: Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Cefixime, Cefpodoxime, Ceftriaxone; more Gram negative activity
- Fourth generation: Cefepime, Cefpirome; effective against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
- Fifth generation: Ceftaroline, Ceftobiprole; MRSA active
- MONOBACTAMS:
- Aztreonam, Tigemonam; effective against Gram negative bacteria
- BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITORS:
- Class 1: Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam; effective against Gram negative bacteria
- CARBAPENEMS:
- Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Doripenem; effective against Enterobacter
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- AMINOGLYCOSIDES:
- Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin; effective against Gram negative bacteria
- TETRACYCLINES:
- Doxycycline, Lymecycline, Methacycline, Minocycline, Rolitetracycline, Tetracycline; effective against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
- MACROLIDES:
- Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin; effective against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
- LINCOSAMIDES:
- Clindamycin, Lincomycin; effective against Gram positive bacteria
- POLYPEPTIDES:
- Vancomycin, Bacitracin, Gramicidin, Polymyxin, Dalbavancin, Oritavancin, Televancin, Daptomycin; effective against Gram positive bacteria
- UNCASSIFIED:
- Chloramphenicol, Mupirocin
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
- QUINOLONES:
- Nalidixic acid (prototype), Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Rufloxacin
- NITROFURAN AND NITROHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS:
- Nitrofurazone, Furazolidone, Nitrofurantoin
- SULFONAMIDES:
- Sulfadoxime, Sulfadoxime + pyrimethamine = Fansidar, Sulfasoxazole, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfadiazene
Test your knowledge on Beta Lactams and Penicillin antibiotics including types like 'Cillins', natural Penicillin, Beta lactamase Resistant Penicillin, Isoxazoylyl penicillin, and Broad Spectrum penicillin. Learn about their uses for different types of bacteria and resistance profiles.
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