Benign White Cell Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is characterized by a left shift of immature precursor cells in the blood?

  • Monocytosis
  • Lymphocytosis
  • Neutropenia
  • Toxic granulation (correct)

    • What is the normal count of neutrophils below which a person is at a high risk of infection?

  • 2.5x10^9/l
  • 0.5x10^9/l (correct)
  • 1.5x10^9/l
  • 1.0x10^9/l

    • Which of the following is a cause of selective neutropenia?

  • Chloramphenicol (correct)
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Thyrotoxicosis
  • Kostmann's syndrome

    • What is the count of lymphocytes above which lymphocytosis is diagnosed?

    <p>4.0x10^9/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of lymphopenia?

    <p>HIV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal count of monocytes above which monocytosis is diagnosed?

    <p>1.0x10^9/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dohle bodies are seen in the cytoplasm of which type of cells?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a decrease in Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase (NAP) score?

    <p>Toxic granulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood?

    <p>Leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the blood?

    <p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a reaction that mimics leukemia but is not a neoplastic process?

    <p>Leukaemoid reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a blood picture characterized by the presence of early erythroid and myeloid cells?

    <p>Leukoerythroblastic picture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of neutrophilia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal count of neutrophils in the blood?

    <p>7.5x109/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of leukocytosis?

    <p>Eosinopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a decrease in the number of monocytes in the blood?

    <p>Monocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of monocytopenia?

    <p>Following prednisolone therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic count of eosinophils in eosinophilia?

    <p>&gt; 0.4 x 10^9/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of eosinopenia?

    <p>Any stressful situation which results in the release of adrenal corticoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic count of basophils in basophilia?

    <p>&gt; 0.1 x 10^9/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic morphology of atypical lymphocytes?

    <p>Bluish cytoplasm and irregular cytoplasm/nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of leukaemoid reaction?

    <p>Immature white cells with a shift to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is leukaemoid reaction differentiated from Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of neutrophils in leukaemoid reaction?

    <p>Both toxic granulation and Dohle bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Leukoerythroblastic reaction and Leukaemoid reaction?

    <p>Presence of erythroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of Leukoerythroblastic reaction?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Chediak Higashi's anomaly?

    <p>Giant granules in the white cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inheritance pattern of May Hegglin anomaly?

    <p>Autosomal dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of Pelger Huet anomaly?

    <p>No clinical significance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of May Hegglin anomaly in terms of platelets?

    <p>Giant platelet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of Leukoerythroblastic reaction that can be clinically significant?

    <p>Morphology alteration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of Chediak Higashi's anomaly?

    <p>Recurrent infection and albinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Benign White Cell Disorders

    • Leukocytosis: an increase in white blood cells (WBCs)
    • Leukopenia: a decrease in WBCs
    • Leukaemoid reaction: a reactive condition characterized by immature white cells and a left shift
    • Leukoerythroblastic picture: a condition characterized by the presence of erythroblasts in addition to immature white cells

    Types of Leukocytosis

    • Neutrophilia: an increase in neutrophils
      • Causes: bacterial infection, inflammation, metabolic disorder, acute hemorrhage, drugs, neoplasm, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
      • Characterized by: left shift, toxic granulation, vacuolation, and Dohle bodies
    • Lymphocytosis: an increase in lymphocytes
      • Causes: acute viral infections, chronic infections, thyrotoxicosis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
    • Monocytosis: an increase in monocytes
      • Causes: chronic bacterial infections, viral infections, connective tissue diseases
    • Eosinophilia: an increase in eosinophils
      • Causes: allergic conditions, parasitic infections, drug sensitivity, hypereosinophilic syndrome
    • Basophilia: an increase in basophils
      • Causes: chicken pox infection, severe hypothyroidism

    Types of Leukopenia

    • Neutropenia: a decrease in neutrophils
      • Causes: congenital, acquired, drugs, bone marrow failure, infections
    • Lymphopenia: a decrease in lymphocytes
      • Causes: cytotoxic drugs, irradiation, HIV infection
    • Monocytopenia: a decrease in monocytes
      • Causes: following prednisolone therapy
    • Eosinopenia: a decrease in eosinophils
      • Causes: stressful situations, adrenal corticoid release

    Atypical Lymphocytes and Leukaemoid Reaction

    • Atypical lymphocytes: characterized by abnormal morphology, bluish cytoplasm, and irregular cytoplasm/nucleus
    • Leukaemoid reaction: a reactive condition characterized by immature white cells, toxic granulation, and Dohle bodies
      • Causes: severe infections
      • Differentiated from CML by NAP score and Philadelphia chromosome

    Leukoerythroblastic Picture

    • Characterized by the presence of erythroblasts in addition to immature white cells
    • Causes: reactive, haemolysis, severe haemorrhage, bone marrow infiltration, lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma

    Anomalies (Morphology Alterations)

    • Chediak-Higashi syndrome: characterized by giant granules in white cells, impairing normal function, autosomal recessive, and associated with recurrent infections, albinism, and easy bruising
    • May Hegglin anomaly: characterized by basophilic inclusion, associated with giant platelet and thrombocytopenia, autosomal dominant, and clinically significant
    • Pelger Huet anomaly: characterized by bilobed nucleus, autosomal dominant, and clinically normal

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    HIM12 WBC.benign PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on benign white cell disorders, including leukocytosis, leucopenia, leukaemoid reaction, and leukoerythroblastosis. Define these conditions and identify common associated conditions.

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