Hematology Part 2: WBC Disorders

A condition characterized by recurrent, cyclical drops in neutrophil count, typically occurring every 21 days and lasting 3 to 5 days. This leads to a weakened immune system, making the individual more susceptible to infections.

A type of cancer affecting blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells (leukemic cells).

A subtype of leukemia characterized by a rapid, aggressive course where leukemic cells grow and proliferate rapidly, displacing normal blood cells and leading to bone marrow failure. It often progresses over weeks to months.

A subtype of acute leukemia distinguished by the presence of abnormal lymphocytes. It is most commonly found in children and is characterized by a rapid progression.

A potential early sign of leukemia. It's caused by an abnormal buildup of leukemic cells in the gums, leading to a swelling or overgrowth of gum tissue.

Inflammation and sores in the mouth caused by chemotherapy. It can include sores from herpes (HSV) or fungus (candidiasis).

A condition where there is an increased number of mature white blood cells in the bone marrow.

Swelling of the gums caused by inflammation, often related to poor oral hygiene and infection.

Bleeding from the gums, often a sign of inflammation or underlying health conditions.

Inflammation of the tissues lining the mouth.

Deep, irregularly shaped sores in the mouth, often without a red ring around them.

Pain in the voice box, potentially due to infection or irritation.

A decrease in the number of red blood cells, resulting in paleness.

An abnormally high number of granulocytes in the blood, primarily neutrophils, leading to an increased white blood cell count.

A total white blood cell count greater than 11,000/μL with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than 7,700/μL.

Infection, stress, smoking, pregnancy, myeloproliferative disorders, and various non-infectious causes.

A condition characterized by a reduced quantity of leukocytes (ANC < 1,000/μL), making the body more susceptible to infections.

Viral infections like Epstein Barr virus (EBV), drug-induced myelosuppression, autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus.

Prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures are needed, and physician consultation is crucial.

Neutrophil elastase (ELA-2) gene mutations trigger this condition, causing cyclical episodes.

A type of cancer that affects the bone marrow, causing the overproduction of abnormal plasma cells.

A symptom of MM where the body is unable to make enough healthy blood cells, leading to weakness, fatigue, and increased risk of infections.

A common symptom of MM where the patient experiences pain due to cancer cells destroying bone tissue.

A common oral health concern in MM, involving the jawbone and potentially leading to exposed, non-healing areas.

A condition caused by radiation therapy affecting the salivary glands, leading to dry mouth.

Tooth decay caused by radiation-induced dry mouth, which increases the risk of cavities.

Damage to the jawbone caused by radiation therapy, making the bone fragile and prone to infection.

These tests are used to detect and monitor the spread of MM including CT and PET scans.