Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of cognitive and affective experiential processes in behavior change?
Which factor is NOT considered a part of modifying factors in the Health Belief Model?
In the Health Belief Model, what does perceived threat combine?
According to Social Cognitive Theory, what is a primary way in which people learn?
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What is considered a cue to action in the Health Belief Model?
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What is the focus of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)?
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During which stage of change does an individual actively plan or take steps to modify their behavior?
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What stage of the Transtheoretical Model is characterized by a lack of intention to change behavior?
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Which of the following constructs relates to an individual's confidence in maintaining behavioral change?
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What does the term 'Decisional Balance' refer to in the context of behavior change?
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Study Notes
Health Behavior
- Actions that prevent illness, promote health, and maintain quality of life.
- Behavioral Change theories examine the motivations behind behavior modification.
Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
- Created in the early 1980s by Prochaska and DiClemente.
- Highlights that behavior change is gradual, not instantaneous, and integrates concepts from various theories.
Stages of Change
- Pre-contemplation: No intention to change within the next 6 months; includes those unaware of problems.
- Contemplation: Intention to change within 6 months; characterized by ambivalence about the effort required.
- Preparation: Planning to take action within the next month; may have attempted change previously but struggled to maintain it.
- Action: Specific behavioral changes made within the past 6 months; change must significantly reduce disease risk.
- Maintenance: Sustained behavior change for at least six months; focus on reinforcing new behaviors.
Facilitating Movement through Stages
- Decisional Balance: Weighing pros and cons of behavioral change.
- Self-Efficacy: Confidence in one’s ability to maintain changes under difficult circumstances.
- Processes of Change: Strategies used to transition through the stages, divided into cognitive/affective for early stages and behavioral for later stages.
Health Belief Model (HBM)
- Developed in the 1950s by Hochbaum, Rosenstock, Kegels, and Leventhal, in response to a TB screening program’s failure.
- First behavioral science theory linked to health issues; posits health action is influenced by perceptions of risk and associated factors.
How HBM Works
- Individuals are more inclined to take preventive actions if they:
- Perceive susceptibility to a disease.
- Recognize the severity of the disease’s impact on their life.
- Anticipate positive outcomes from taking preventive action.
- Believe in the benefits of action to reduce risk or severity.
- Feel capable of taking the recommended actions without significant barriers.
Three Phases of HBM
- Perceived Susceptibility: Individual perception of personal health risk.
- Perceived Severity: Feelings on the seriousness of an illness, accounting for medical and social consequences.
- Modifying Factors: Include demographic and sociopsychological variables, along with knowledge of the condition.
Perceived Threat
- Combination of Perceived Susceptibility and Perceived Severity.
Cues to Action
- Stimuli that prompt health-related decision-making, can be internal (personal health symptoms) or external (advice from others).
Perceived Benefits
- Belief in the effectiveness of taking action to mitigate risk or severity.
Perceived Barriers
- Individual’s assessment of obstacles to recommended actions, encompassing both tangible and psychological factors.
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
- Developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizing learning through social interactions.
- Learning occurs through observation of others' behaviors and their consequences.
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Description
This quiz focuses on health behavior and the theories that influence behavioral change, specifically the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, the TTM explains the stages of behavior change and highlights that it is a gradual process rather than instantaneous. Test your knowledge on how these theories can promote health and prevent illness.
