Healthcare Behavior Change Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a key factor that influences an individual's motivation to change behavior?

  • Age of the individual
  • Desire for social approval (correct)
  • Length of previous habits
  • Family history of health issues

Why might older adults be less adaptable to change?

  • They experience more expected transitions.
  • They may have a fixed mindset about new behaviors. (correct)
  • They receive less healthcare support during changes.
  • They have fewer life transitions to accommodate.

What is often a significant stimulus for individuals to adopt new health behaviors?

  • A desire for social gatherings
  • Receiving advice from friends
  • Following popular health trends
  • Experiencing symptoms or diagnoses seen as threats (correct)

Which of the following describes a common hesitation people have towards making lifestyle changes?

<p>Belief that change is unnecessary until problems arise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can understanding how individuals adapt to change help educators in healthcare?

<p>It aids in tailoring support to meet diverse needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial factor in effectively supporting patients through lifestyle changes?

<p>Understanding the barriers to change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does human motivation play in behavior change?

<p>It influences the willingness to adopt healthier behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider social factors when addressing behavior change in patients?

<p>They can create barriers or support systems for change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Transtheoretical Model of Change assist healthcare providers?

<p>It provides a framework for understanding stages of change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element is NOT sufficient for initiating behavior change?

<p>Familiarity with creation of wellness plans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of regular physical activity for the cardiovascular system?

<p>Improved myocardial contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to functional decline in older adults?

<p>Sarcopenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration before older adults begin a new exercise routine?

<p>Assessment of current mobility and use of aids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does regular exercise affect the metabolic system?

<p>Increases BMR and enhances glucose and fatty acid usage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychosocial benefit can result from regular physical activity?

<p>Improved tolerance to stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key question would you ask someone in the precontemplation stage to make them aware of a problem?

<p>What would you consider as warning signs that would let you know this is a problem? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended strategy to promote physical activity among older adults?

<p>Support from family, friends, and healthcare providers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During contemplation, what aspect of change should be evaluated?

<p>What do you think will happen if you don’t make any changes? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which question would be most relevant in assessing readiness during the preparation stage?

<p>What barriers do you see ahead, and how can you minimize or eliminate them? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age-related change may increase the risk of falls in older individuals?

<p>Decreased base of support from smaller strides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential age-related change affects the tendons and ligaments in older adults?

<p>Drying and hardening of tendons and ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the action stage, which question is focused on evaluating previous attempts at change?

<p>What actions have you taken? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following questions is least appropriate for someone in the contemplation stage?

<p>What actions have you taken? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unhealthy coping mechanism is she using to manage her stress and anxiety?

<p>Unhealthy food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does she believe about the baby's nutritional needs?

<p>The baby will take what it needs from her. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activity did Sandra used to enjoy as a way to cope with stress?

<p>Knitting and crafts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concerns does Robert have about her eating habits?

<p>It puts her health and their unborn baby's health at risk. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is she likely in regarding her eating habits?

<p>Precontemplation stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What warning signs could indicate that her eating habits are problematic?

<p>Loss of interest in her hobbies (A), Frequent cravings for fast food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be an additional benefit of physical activity for Sandra?

<p>Better sleep quality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical factor for independent living in older persons?

<p>Functional status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does her statement about others who eat worse suggest about her perspective?

<p>She is in denial about the risks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT impact regular physical activity for older persons?

<p>High income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines is associated with a lower risk of what?

<p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of reduced physical activity in older persons?

<p>Increased risk of falls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the TTM stand for in relation to promoting physical activity in older persons?

<p>Transtheoretical Model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following benefits is NOT associated with regular physical activity in older persons?

<p>Higher risk of cognitive decline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding sedentary lifestyles in older adults?

<p>It is a primary risk factor for non-communicable diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential physical change in older persons that may affect their activity levels?

<p>Muscle fibers shrink (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Adaptability to Change in Older Adults

Older adults may find adapting to change more challenging compared to younger individuals.

Transitions and Change

Transitions, whether expected or unexpected, occur throughout life and can be challenging for individuals.

Behaviour Change

Long-lasting changes in behavior can be difficult to initiate and maintain.

Motivation for Change

Motivation is a key factor influencing a person's willingness to learn and change behavior.

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Types of Motivation

Motivation for change can be driven by social, task mastery, or physical needs.

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Precontemplation Stage

The stage where an individual is not aware of or does not acknowledge a problem or the need for change.

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Contemplation Stage

The stage where an individual is aware of a problem and is considering making a change but hasn't decided to take action.

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Preparation Stage

The stage where an individual has decided to make a change and is preparing to take action.

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Action Stage

The stage where an individual is actively taking steps to change their behavior.

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What are the warning signs?

In the Precontemplation stage, asking this helps identify possible indicators that a problem exists, even if the individual isn't fully aware of it yet.

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Human Behavior

The complex actions, reactions, and patterns that people display in their daily lives. It's influenced by internal factors (thoughts, feelings, motivations) and external factors (culture, environment, social interactions).

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Unhealthy Behaviors

Habits and actions that negatively impact one's health, such as smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and excessive alcohol consumption. These behaviors can lead to chronic health challenges and shorten one's lifespan.

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Motivation

The force that drives a person's actions, making them want to change and strive towards a particular goal. Motivation can be intrinsic (from within) or extrinsic (from external sources).

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Barriers to Change

Obstacles that prevent people from making desired changes in their behavior. They can be internal (fear, lack of self-belief) or external (lack of support, resources, time).

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Holistic Care

A comprehensive approach to healthcare that considers the whole person - their physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs. It emphasizes patient-centered care and recognizes the interconnectedness of these factors.

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Coping Plan

A strategy to manage challenges and maintain well-being during difficult times. This plan helps individuals deal with stress, manage symptoms, and maintain a sense of control.

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Follow-up Support Plan

A plan outlining strategies and resources for ongoing assistance after an initial intervention or event. This helps individuals maintain progress, address emerging needs, and prevent setbacks.

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Physical Activity and Exercise Benefits

Regular physical activity has numerous benefits, including improved cardiovascular health, respiratory function, metabolism, musculoskeletal strength, activity tolerance, and overall well-being.

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Functional Decline

A decline in physical abilities and functional capacity, often caused by prolonged inactivity or illness. This can lead to limitations in daily activities, reduced mobility, and increased risk of falls.

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Sarcopenia

A progressive loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging, leading to decreased strength and endurance. It can make it harder to perform daily activities and increase the risk of falls.

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Proprioception Impact

Medications or chronic conditions can affect proprioception, which is the sense of body position and movement. This can increase the risk of falls, especially in older adults.

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Age-Related Changes

As people age, their tendons, ligaments, and joints become less flexible, lean muscle is replaced by fat, and vertebral discs thin. These changes can impact mobility and increase the risk of injury.

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Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines

These guidelines provide recommendations for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep for adults 65 years or older, promoting a balanced and healthy lifestyle.

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TTM Stage: Precontemplation

Jenny is currently in the precontemplation stage of the TTM, as she denies the need for change and believes her current eating habits are not a problem. She minimizes the risks and doesn't see the need to change.

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TTM Stage: Contemplation

To move Jenny to the contemplation stage, we need to help her acknowledge the possible risks and drawbacks of her current eating habits. Questions to ask include: 'What are some potential risks to your health or the baby's health related to your eating habits?'.

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TTM Stage: Preparation

Once Jenny begins to contemplate change, we need to help her develop a concrete plan. Questions to ask include: 'What specific changes are you considering making? What steps can you take to implement these changes?'

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TTM Stage: Action

Jenny enters the action stage when actively implementing her plan for change. This involves making concrete efforts to change her eating habits.

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TTM Stage: Maintenance

Jenny needs to maintain her healthy eating habits long-term. To support her in this stage, we can help her develop strategies to prevent relapse and sustain her efforts.

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Warning Signs of Jenny's Situation

Signs that Jenny's eating habits are negatively impacting her or the baby's health include: unexplained weight gain, poor fetal growth, difficulty regulating blood sugar, and nutrient deficiencies.

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Sandra's Stress Management

Sandra experiences stress stemming from her husband and son's situations. Physical activity, particularly enjoyable hobbies like knitting and crafts, can help manage her stress.

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Benefits of Physical Activity

Beyond stress management, physical activity offers various benefits, including improved mood, better sleep quality, reduced risk of chronic diseases, and a stronger immune system.

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What is the primary risk factor for non-communicable diseases?

A sedentary lifestyle is a major contributor to the development of chronic illnesses such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers.

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What is the TTM?

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is a framework that helps explain how people change behaviors, particularly towards adopting healthier habits.

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What are the benefits of physical activity for older adults?

Regular physical activity can improve mobility, socialization, cognitive health, and overall well-being in older adults.

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What are the factors that may impact physical activity in older adults?

Physical, social/emotional, and financial factors can influence an individual's ability to participate in regular physical activity.

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What does 'functional status' refer to?

Functional status is the ability to perform daily activities independently, which is crucial for maintaining an independent lifestyle.

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What are the key points about physical activity and older adults?

Physical activity is vital for optimal function, even without intense workouts. Consistency is important for maintaining benefits, and these include increased mobility, socialization, and cognitive health.

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What is a key finding about older adults and physical activity?

Numerous studies show that adults over 65 are the least physically active population group.

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What are some age-related changes that impact physical activity?

As people age, their tendons, ligaments, and joints become less flexible, leading to decreased mobility and increased risk of injury.

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Study Notes

BNUR1900 Nursing Fundamentals: Behaviour Change

  • Course presented by Peter Kennedy RN, BScN, MBA on November 14, 2024
  • Learning objectives include understanding human motivation, connections between physical activity and health in older adults, lifestyle/behaviour change complexities, Transtheoretical Model of Change concepts, and applying the model to older adult physical activity.
  • Entry to Practice competencies highlight incorporating nursing science, social sciences, humanities, and health-related research into care plans.
  • The module discusses human behaviour as complex, with unhealthy behaviours linked to chronic health challenges and premature mortality.
  • Nurses must understand motivators, barriers to change, and how to support patients through changes.
  • Holistic patient care is essential, accounting for social, personal, and contextual factors influencing behaviors.
  • Awareness and knowledge alone are insufficient for lasting behavioral change.
  • Older adults may be less adaptable to change, and reflections are encouraged on this statement.
  • Transitions are a normal part of life, both expected and unexpected, potentially challenging for individuals.

Overview

  • Nurses should understand what motivates people to prioritize support for patients in altering behaviors.
  • Long-term behavioral changes are often difficult to initiate and sustain.

Motivation

  • Motivation is a person's desire or willingness to learn, influencing their behavior.
  • Motivation propels a person into action.
  • Examples of motivators include social needs, task mastery/achievement, and physical well-being.

Stimuli for Motivation

  • Social motives focus on connection, social approval and self-esteem.
  • Task mastery drives ambition and accomplishment.
  • Physical motives prioritize health maintenance and enhancement.
  • People often adopt new health behaviors in response to recognized symptoms, concerns over disease, or diagnostic results.

Questions

  • Common lifestyle changes individuals face are important to consider.
  • Understanding why people hesitate to change is vital for effective support.

Behaviour Change

  • Interest in behaviour change processes is growing in various fields, like health, education, and criminology.
  • Various theories offer insights into behaviour change for optimal healthcare interventions.

What do we Know about Change?

  • Change is a cyclical process, involving movement back and forth between stages.
  • Individuals may progress through stages at varying rates.
  • It's not unusual for individuals to linger in the early stages of change.

Behaviour and Public Health

  • Humans have control over their conduct/behavior, and health-compromising behaviours can be eliminated with self-regulation and health-enhancing efforts.

Behaviour Change Theories

  • Key theories discussed include Social Cognitive Theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Self-Determination Theory, and the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM).

Transtheoretical Model of Change

  • The model views change as a process involving stages.
  • Nurses assess patients' stages to support their progress through change.
  • Six stages include Enter, Precontemplation, Contemplation, Determination, Action, Maintenance, and Exit/Re-enter.

How can We Best Assess the Stage of Change?

  • Motivational interviewing assesses behavioral change stages and emphasizes confidence in the ability to change.
  • Effective questions are used for each change stage to best address needs.

Precontemplation Stage

  • Questions focus on what has prevented the individual from changing and possible factors that indicate a problem.
  • Consideration of past attempts to change behaviors assists understanding.

Contemplation Stage

  • Questions explore the pros and cons of both changing or not changing behaviors.
  • Factors influencing the decision to change at that time are emphasized.

Preparation Stage

  • Assessing barriers impeding change and identifying support systems to mitigate risk factors.

Action Stage

  • Reviewing the actions taken to understand progress and identifying areas that need improvement.

Maintenance Stage

  • Developing coping mechanisms and follow-up support plans are essential for long-term success.

Physical Activity and Exercise

  • Regular PA contributes to physical and emotional well-being.
  • The module discusses the benefits of exercise and their impact on cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, and musculoskeletal systems and psychosocial factors in older adults.

Physical Activity and the Older Person

  • Individuals of all ages are encouraged to incorporate regular physical activity (if supported by family, friends, and providers), which is also suggested for older persons with an assessment of current mobility and support tools.

Considerations for Exercise & Older Persons

  • Progressive loss of bone mass leads to increased risk of fractures.
  • Reduced muscle mass leads to decreased strength and endurance, and impacting stride and support which increases fall risk.
  • Age-related changes in tendons, ligaments, and joint flexibility, muscle mass, adipose tissue influence exercise.

Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for Older Adults

  • Comprehensive guidelines are provided.

Benefits of Physical Activity for Older Persons

  • Decreasing the risk of loss of function and independence is a critical priority for all older adults.

Factors that may Impact Regular Physical Activity for Older Persons

  • Physical changes, societal factors (cognitive decline, loneliness, lack of transportation), and financial factors (lower income, and poor access to facilities) are noted.

Summary of Physical Activity & Older Persons

  • Maintaining optimal function is critical through regular activity within the older adult population.
  • Consistency offers benefits to activity maintaining or increasing mobility, socialization, cognitive status and protective health measures.

Application of the TTM to Physical Activity in Older Persons

  • The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) has proven effective in promoting physical activity.

Perpetual Case Study

  • Case studies of Jenny, Robert, and Sandra were examined for relevant details and concerns.

Case Study Application

  • Applying the TTM to these cases, providing rationale for the stage and potential questions to aid behavioral change.
  • Suggesting physical activity benefits to manage stress.

Summary

  • Nurses play important roles in health teaching—using adult learning, behavioral change techniques—and consider factors that may influence behavioral change initiation in patients.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the factors influencing behavior change in healthcare. This quiz covers important concepts like motivation, adaptability, and the Transtheoretical Model of Change. Perfect for healthcare educators and practitioners looking to enhance their understanding of patient support strategies.

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