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What is the primary purpose of asking clients about their anxiety and feared outcomes before starting exposure?
What is the primary purpose of asking clients about their anxiety and feared outcomes before starting exposure?
What is a common mistake when starting exposure treatment?
What is a common mistake when starting exposure treatment?
Under what condition is exposure typically terminated during therapy?
Under what condition is exposure typically terminated during therapy?
What is a key factor in maintaining anxiety according to the principles of exposure therapy?
What is a key factor in maintaining anxiety according to the principles of exposure therapy?
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What is the goal of helping clients understand how and why their anxiety persists?
What is the goal of helping clients understand how and why their anxiety persists?
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What is the primary goal of effective behavior therapy for reducing OCD symptoms?
What is the primary goal of effective behavior therapy for reducing OCD symptoms?
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According to Mowrer's two-stage learning theory, how is fear acquired?
According to Mowrer's two-stage learning theory, how is fear acquired?
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What is a primary reason for removing OCD from the anxiety disorder category?
What is a primary reason for removing OCD from the anxiety disorder category?
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How do compulsive rituals impact individuals with OCD regarding their anxiety responses?
How do compulsive rituals impact individuals with OCD regarding their anxiety responses?
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What must be examined when crafting a behavioral therapy for OCD?
What must be examined when crafting a behavioral therapy for OCD?
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What outcome do exposure therapies aim to achieve in OCD treatment?
What outcome do exposure therapies aim to achieve in OCD treatment?
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Which behavioral therapy technique is considered most effective for OCD?
Which behavioral therapy technique is considered most effective for OCD?
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What role do compulsive rituals play in relation to anxiety in OCD patients?
What role do compulsive rituals play in relation to anxiety in OCD patients?
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What is the approximate duration of each exposure session in effective therapy for OCD?
What is the approximate duration of each exposure session in effective therapy for OCD?
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What aspect of exposure therapy is considered effective for treating body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?
What aspect of exposure therapy is considered effective for treating body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?
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Which statement about hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania) is accurate?
Which statement about hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania) is accurate?
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Prior to the 1960s, what was the perception of OCD's responsiveness to therapy?
Prior to the 1960s, what was the perception of OCD's responsiveness to therapy?
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What is the significance of randomness in exposure therapy for fears?
What is the significance of randomness in exposure therapy for fears?
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In the context of BDD, what can compulsive behaviors prevent?
In the context of BDD, what can compulsive behaviors prevent?
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What is a major misconception about the rituals associated with OCD?
What is a major misconception about the rituals associated with OCD?
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Which of the following is true about the effectiveness of ERP combined with cognitive therapy in treating BDD?
Which of the following is true about the effectiveness of ERP combined with cognitive therapy in treating BDD?
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What primary mechanism is proposed by Foa and Kozak in emotional processing theory to modify pathological threat associations?
What primary mechanism is proposed by Foa and Kozak in emotional processing theory to modify pathological threat associations?
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In exposure therapy for OCD, what role does response prevention play?
In exposure therapy for OCD, what role does response prevention play?
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According to Craske et al., what does long-term fear extinction primarily depend on?
According to Craske et al., what does long-term fear extinction primarily depend on?
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What type of exposure techniques are typically used together in treating OCD?
What type of exposure techniques are typically used together in treating OCD?
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Which statement reflects a criticism of emotional processing theory as noted by Craske et al.?
Which statement reflects a criticism of emotional processing theory as noted by Craske et al.?
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What is a key difference between TTM/skin picking and OCD?
What is a key difference between TTM/skin picking and OCD?
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Why is exposure therapy not effective for treating TTM and skin picking disorders?
Why is exposure therapy not effective for treating TTM and skin picking disorders?
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What treatment approach is suggested to be more effective for managing hoarding behaviors?
What treatment approach is suggested to be more effective for managing hoarding behaviors?
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How does hoarding behavior differ from typical compulsions seen in OCD?
How does hoarding behavior differ from typical compulsions seen in OCD?
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What misconception exists regarding the relationship between TTM/skin picking and OCD?
What misconception exists regarding the relationship between TTM/skin picking and OCD?
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Which of the following traits is likely to interfere with therapy for individuals with hoarding behavior?
Which of the following traits is likely to interfere with therapy for individuals with hoarding behavior?
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What is a common feature found in hoarding behavior as described in the content?
What is a common feature found in hoarding behavior as described in the content?
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What is a primary concern with the OCRD diagnostic category in relation to TTM and skin picking?
What is a primary concern with the OCRD diagnostic category in relation to TTM and skin picking?
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What is one reason that avoidance is counterproductive in exposure therapy?
What is one reason that avoidance is counterproductive in exposure therapy?
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How should a therapist approach a client's anxiety during exposure?
How should a therapist approach a client's anxiety during exposure?
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Which of the following describes the therapist's role during exposure sessions?
Which of the following describes the therapist's role during exposure sessions?
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What should NOT be done by therapists when orienting clients to exposure therapy?
What should NOT be done by therapists when orienting clients to exposure therapy?
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When constructing an exposure hierarchy, which factor is essential?
When constructing an exposure hierarchy, which factor is essential?
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What is the purpose of the Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) scale when rating items in an exposure hierarchy?
What is the purpose of the Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) scale when rating items in an exposure hierarchy?
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Why is it important not to overemphasize fear reduction as the primary goal of exposure tasks?
Why is it important not to overemphasize fear reduction as the primary goal of exposure tasks?
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Which of the following should therapists avoid when discussing the exposure rationale with clients?
Which of the following should therapists avoid when discussing the exposure rationale with clients?
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Study Notes
Behavioral Analysis Quiz #5 Review
- Exposure treatment has three key questions: anxiety level, tolerance, and feared outcome.
- Exposure stops when corrective learning is maximized (typically 5-10% belief in feared outcome).
- Exposure works with a step-by-step approach. The first step is orienting the client to the treatment, explaining its components, purpose and framework. This step allows clients to understand their control in the process.
- Explain how anxiety is maintained through avoidance and unhelpful beliefs. Avoidance decreases anxiety in the short term but increases it in the long term.
- Clients need to understand why they are avoiding the trigger. Exposure helps correct those beliefs.
- Prepare clients for the anxiety they will feel during exposure. It's normal to feel worse before better, and those feelings should not be resisted.
- Therapists should coach and support clients during exposures, providing guidance and encouragement, but not reducing the intensity of the fear.
- Therapists should clearly explain the rationale for exposure during the treatment process.
- Exposure sessions include reviewing homework, performing the exposure, debriefing the exposure, and planning the next session.
- Assess clients' experiences of homework by actively asking about feelings, corrective learning, and potential issues.
- Review homework and address concerns proactively and support clients with the process.
- Understand that exposure might worsen anxiety before better and is often uncomfortable.
- Exposure tasks should be challenging but not overwhelming.
- During exposure tasks, observe the client for patterns like avoidance, and work to support the client.
- Assess the client's understanding of the process.
- Provide clear and detailed descriptions of the treatment rationale.
- Validate and normalize the client's experience.
- Avoid jargon and ensure clear communication.
Exposure Hierarchies
- Hierarchies list feared stimuli, typically 10-20 items. Use a subjective unit of distress (SUD) scale (0-100).
- Include in vivo, imaginal, and interoceptive exposure.
- Hierarchies can be flexible and clients may have more than one.
- Hierarchies should be collaborative and involve the client in selecting tasks.
- Hierarchies should be specific and focus on the rationale supporting each item on the list.
Exposure Sessions
- Exposure homework review (5-10 minutes)
- Exposure (30 minutes)
- Exposure debriefing (15-20 minutes)
- Planning the next session (5 minutes)
Addressing Skepticism
- If clients express skepticism about alternatives to their beliefs, the clinician can act as a devil's advocate to promote exploration.
- Clients should understand that the risk is minimized and controlled for during exposure therapy.
Exposure Task Performance
- The client should be guided and encouraged during exposure tasks, reinforcing positive reactions, addressing avoidance, and correcting misinformation.
- The clinician should not express shock or disgust, or act overly directive. They should not offer reassurance.
Debriefing
- Debriefing involves positive feedback, open-ended questions, observations, and assessment for corrective learning.
- Clients should use homework forms to track and evaluate SUDs.
- If exposure feels too difficult, address concerns and use problem solving strategies.
- Validate fears while addressing potential concerns, helping to normalize feelings.
Addressing Common Concerns
- Clients may express anticipatory anxiety or concerns about tolerability. Validate these concerns and offer reassurance, highlighting that anxiety is temporary.
- Explain habituation and gradual approach.
- Address previous unsuccessful exposures by analyzing past experiences and adjusting the approach for future successes.
Other Disorders
- OCD has been reclassified to an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder (OCRD).
- OCD has neurotransmitter abnormalities, heritability, and phenotypic similarities with other disorders, etc.
- OCD is differentiated from exposure therapy strategies used for anxiety.
- Disorders such as Trichotillomania (TTM) and skin-picking have similarities to OCD, but involve different aspects such as cues and behaviors.
- Exposure therapy might not be suitable for all these conditions.
- Additional therapeutic strategies, focusing on motivation and behavior, may be needed for conditions like hoarding.
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Description
This quiz focuses on exposure treatment in behavioral analysis, addressing key aspects such as anxiety levels, tolerance, and the feared outcome. It explores the process of corrective learning and the role of therapist support during exposures. Understand the maintenance of anxiety through avoidance and the importance of confronting fears.
