Behavioral Analysis Quiz #5 Review
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes the dissociative type of engagement in therapy?

  • Sobbing for short sessions
  • Feeling intensely overwhelmed during sessions
  • Having extreme anxiety before exposure
  • Experiencing prolonged flashbacks (correct)

    • Which of the following strategies helps manage overengagement during therapy sessions?

  • Starting with tasks that are less than 20 SUDs
  • Allowing unlimited time for exposure without breaks
  • Modifying exposure tasks to include safety signals (correct)
  • Completely avoiding feared situations altogether

    • What change has been made regarding the classification of OCD?

  • Considered a cognitive disorder
  • Grouped with mood disorders
  • Reclassified as an obsessive compulsive and related disorder (correct)
  • Reclassified as a anxiety disorder

    • What are some associated disorders included in the new category of OCRDs?

    <p>Body dysmorphic disorder and hoarding disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key feature of the emotionally overwhelmed type during therapy?

    <p>Extreme anxiety before and during exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for Mowrer’s model in exposure therapy?

    <p>Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does emotional processing theory (EPT) emphasize in the context of exposure therapy?

    <p>Modification of threat associations through corrective information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial in exposure therapy for OCD alongside the exposure itself?

    <p>Response prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is highlighted by Craske et al. as essential for long-term fear extinction?

    <p>Inhibitory learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the delivery of exposure and response prevention (ERP) for OCD typically changed since the 1960s?

    <p>Increased effectiveness of treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is noted about the use of a hierarchy of fears in exposure therapy?

    <p>Random exposure may enhance extinction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive theory is stated to better explain the development of obsessions than classical conditioning?

    <p>Cognitive theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the treatments used in OCD that involves both situational and imaginal exposure?

    <p>Exposure therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of exposure therapy?

    <p>To correct unhelpful beliefs by blocking avoidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the therapist's role during exposure?

    <p>The therapist acts as a supportive coach without providing excessive reassurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when orienting clients to exposure therapy?

    <p>Minimizing the difficulty of the exposure tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the exposure hierarchy be constructed?

    <p>With items that the client is willing to confront and rated using the SUDs scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about experiencing anxiety during exposures?

    <p>Experiencing anxiety is a natural part of the exposure process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of debriefing an exposure task?

    <p>To emphasize mastery and gather client experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended practice when engaging in exposure therapy?

    <p>Validating and normalizing the client's experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should a therapist avoid during exposure tasks?

    <p>Showing excessive emotional responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assigning homework for exposure tasks, it is important to:

    <p>Minimize distractions and allow for privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SUDs scale primarily used for in exposure therapy?

    <p>To rate the level of distress associated with different anxiety-provoking items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a therapist address a client’s extreme anticipatory anxiety about exposure?

    <p>Validate their fears but explain that anxiety is temporary and manageable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception clients may have regarding past exposure experiences?

    <p>Previous exposure attempts will always result in failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is emphasized to help clients understand that exposure can be controlled?

    <p>Gradual exposure can help manage anxiety levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element is crucial to prevent overengagement during exposure treatment?

    <p>Ensuring that distress does not interfere with learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a therapist communicate about risk during exposure?

    <p>They should acknowledge minimal risks and encourage testing perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an incorrect belief related to the normal people fallacy?

    <p>Acting according to societal norms is the ultimate goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of exposure and response prevention in treating OCD?

    <p>To weaken the association between anxiety and compulsive behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Mowrer's two-stage learning theory suggest about the fear response?

    <p>Fear is acquired through classical conditioning and maintained via operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it problematic for compulsive rituals to provide immediate relief from anxiety?

    <p>It prevents the natural extinction of the anxiety response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential component when crafting a behavioral therapy plan for OCD?

    <p>Examining antecedents and consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key technique used to treat OCD symptoms effectively?

    <p>Exposure and response prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should not be the goal of exposure therapies when treating OCRDs?

    <p>To maintain the compulsive behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misunderstanding does the article object to regarding anti-obsessional behavioral therapies?

    <p>They are misapplied in treating OCD uniquely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the negative reinforcement of compulsive rituals result in?

    <p>Continued use of rituals to alleviate anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when constructing a hierarchy for exposure therapy?

    <p>Ensure every item has a clear rationale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is important to include in exposure tasks?

    <p>Incorporate the client's worst fear to challenge their beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the clinician plan to stop an exposure task?

    <p>When maximum learning has occurred and behavioral goals are met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should clinicians approach the review of exposure homework?

    <p>Reinforce homework completion and assess the client’s experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a clinician avoid during an exposure task?

    <p>Providing excessive reassurance to the client.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy can clinicians use to help clients who are skeptical of alternatives to their beliefs?

    <p>Act as a devil's advocate to explore different viewpoints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign that an exposure task is successful?

    <p>The client achieves observable behavioral goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following approaches should be taken when starting an exposure task?

    <p>Discuss procedures and provide clear instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective approach to deal with client fears during exposure?

    <p>Encourage discussion of specific feared outcomes and beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of habituation in corrective learning during exposure therapy?

    <p>Habituation is not necessary for corrective learning to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Behavioral Analysis Quiz #5 Review

    • Exposure Therapy Questions: How anxious are you? How well can you tolerate anxiety? What is the feared outcome of the exposure? These are asked before and during exposure.
    • Exposure Stoppage: Exposure stops when the belief in the feared outcome decreases to 5-10%. Can stop earlier if the reduction plateaus.
    • Exposure Technique: First step—orienting clients to exposure therapy explaining the purpose, components, and reasoning. Discuss why the client must engage in aversive behavior, emphasizing the client's control.
    • Fear Maintenance: Explain how fear is maintained, highlighting aspects like avoidance perpetuating anxiety. While avoidance reduces immediate anxiety, it increases long-term anxiety as it prevents corrective learning. Unhelpful avoidance prevents the client from learning the feared situations are not dangerous.
    • Rationalizing Exposure: Describe why avoidance prevents useful belief correction. Explain how exposure blocks avoidance.
    • Anticipating Anxiety: Prepare the client for anxious feelings. Acknowledge it’s normal during exposure and not something to fight.
    • Therapist's Role: Supportive yet not overly reassuring during exposure. Help select exposure tasks, provide instruction/encouragement, and process at the end. Avoid excessive responses that could distract from exposure.
    • Orienting Client Do's: Provide a clear rationale, engage client in a collaborative discussion, validate experience and normalize anxiety, assess client understanding of exposure.
    • Orienting Client Don'ts: Excessive, lecturing, minimizing difficulty, overemphasizing fear.
    • Exposure Hierarchy: Create a ranked list of feared internal/external stimuli (10-20 items). Each item is rated with Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs). Items should be confrontational, in vivo, imaginal, or interoceptive.

    Exposure Hierarchy Construction and Guidelines

    • Hierarchy Construction: Create a collaborative hierarchy with the client, focusing on specifics vs. broad descriptions.
    • Evaluation: Define a rationale for each item in the hierarchy. Ask “What belief is this item designed to test?”
    • Hierarchy Considerations: Include tasks that will increase the likelihood of relapse and situations that are more difficult than everyday tasks.
    • Exposure Sessions Structure: Review homework (5-10 minutes), conduct exposure (30 minutes), debrief exposure (15-20 minutes), and plan next session (5 minutes).
    • Exposure Homework Review: Assess the client's experience, validate learning through questions and assessing belief change, and reinforce coping. Addressing skepticism with questioning as in a devil's advocate role may help.

    Exposure Session Dynamics

    • Exposure Session Structure: Review homework (5-10 minutes), conduct exposure (30 minutes), debrief (15-20 minutes), and plan next session (5 minutes).
    • Session Guidance (Do's): Assess the client’s anxiety level and SUDs (Subjective Units of Distress), every 5 minutes. Appear calm, and confirm that the goal is reducing anxiety. Avoid safety signals, and reinforce learning.
    • Session Guidance (Don'ts): Show emotional distress, offer excessive reassurance, express disgust, or shock, or be directive to avoid or make the exposure easier (unless strategically done).
    • Exposure Stoppage Rules: Stop when maximum learning has occurred. Set achievable goals (time, specific behavior, reps), emphasizing mastery and tolerance rather than reduction.
    • Client Concerns: Address anticipatory anxiety ("won't be able to tolerate it") through validation, gradual approach, and normalization of temporary anxiety. Encourage client control and ability to manage anxiety. Confirming prior successes and/or providing a rationale for the exposure. Ensure client does not feel the exposure is risk for harm.

    Debriefing and Guidelines

    • Debriefing Process: Provide positive feedback, discuss client's experiences using open-ended questions, and review observations. Highlight meaningful elements of the exposure. Assess corrective learning.
    • Homework Guidelines: Set appropriately challenging assignments considering aspects like number, type, frequency, minimize distractions, and use clear instructions.
    • Addressing Previous Unsuccessful Exposures: Assess previous experiences, understand why the previous exposure attempts did not succeed, and then revise future strategies based on the analysis.

    OCD and Exposure Therapy

    • OCD Symptoms: Obsessional stimuli (e.g., contact with the floor), anxiety increases. Compulsive rituals like washing reduce anxiety.
    • Operant Conditioning and Rituals: Rituals create escape from anxiety and negatively reinforce their use.
    • Cognitive Processes in OCD: Fear responses and ritual avoidance keep the anxiety from decreasing.
    • Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP): Effective behavioral therapy to weaken links between obsessional stimuli and rituals/avoidance. Improves fear extinction of these associations and diminishes response patterns. ERP is valuable for decreasing OCD symptoms because it stops compulsive behaviors and allows the client to experience fear without avoidance. OCD is often resistant to treatment, until ERP is implemented.
    • Response Prevention: A key component to ERP for OCD. Clients are encouraged to face feared situations or sensations without engaging in the usual avoidance or compulsive behaviors. The goal is to teach the client to tolerate anxiety without resorting to harmful or ineffective rituals.

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    PSYCH 820 Quiz #5 Review PDF

    Description

    This quiz reviews essential concepts in exposure therapy, focusing on how to assess anxiety levels, the appropriate stopping points for exposure, and the rationale behind the exposure technique. Participants will explore fear maintenance and the pitfalls of avoidance, highlighting the importance of engaging with feared stimuli to foster corrective learning. Insights into client control and avoidance behavior will also be discussed.

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