10 Questions
What is the primary focus of Beck's Negative Triad, and what are the three parts of this cognitive vulnerability?
The primary focus of Beck's Negative Triad is a person's cognitions that increase their vulnerability to depression. The three parts of this cognitive vulnerability are Faulty Information Processing, Negative Self-Schema, and Negative Triad.
How does Faulty Information Processing, as described in Beck's Negative Triad, contribute to depression?
Faulty Information Processing contributes to depression by focusing on the negative aspects of a situation and ignoring the positives, and by blowing small problems out of proportion, often using 'b+w' terms.
What is the relationship between Negative Self-Schema and depression, according to Beck's Negative Triad?
A Negative Self-Schema is a mental framework that interprets information about oneself in a negative way, contributing to a person's vulnerability to depression.
How does Ellis's ABC Model explain the development of depression, and what are the three key components of this model?
Ellis's ABC Model explains the development of depression by proposing that irrational beliefs (B) are triggered by external events (A), leading to emotional and behavioral consequences (C). The three key components of this model are Activating Events, Beliefs, and Consequences.
What are the three types of irrational beliefs, as described in Ellis's ABC Model, and how do they contribute to depression?
The three types of irrational beliefs are 'Musturbation' (the need to succeed or achieve perfection), 'I-can't-stand-it-itis' (the tendency to catastrophize), and 'Utopianism' (the expectation that life should always be fair). These beliefs contribute to depression by leading to emotional and behavioral consequences when they are triggered by external events.
What role does serotonin play in regulating mood?
Serotonin helps to regulate mood.
How many genes are implicated in OCD, according to Taylor (2013)?
230 genes
What is the function of the 5HT1-D beta gene in relation to serotonin?
The 5HT1-D beta gene is involved in the transport of serotonin across synapses.
Which brain regions are associated with impaired decision-making systems in OCD?
Lateral frontal lobes and parahippocampal gyrus
What is meant by the term 'aetiologically heterogeneous' in relation to OCD?
The origins of OCD vary from one person to another.
Study Notes
Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression
- Beck's Negative Triad (1967) proposes that cognitions (ways of thinking) increase vulnerability to depression
- Three components of cognitive vulnerability:
- Faulty Information Processing: focusing on negative aspects, ignoring positives, and magnifying small problems
- Negative self-schema: interpreting information about oneself negatively
- Negative Triad: developing a dysfunctional view of oneself, the world, and the future
Ellis's ABC Model
- Activating Event: external events trigger irrational thoughts, leading to depression
- Beliefs:
- 'Musturbation': believing one must succeed or achieve perfection
- 'I-can't-stand-it-itis': perceiving everything as a disaster
- 'Utopianism': expecting life to be always fair
- Consequences: emotional and behavioral consequences arise when activating events trigger irrational beliefs
Genetic Explanation of OCD
- Candidate genes: involved in regulating serotonin systems, such as 5HT1-D beta gene
- OCD is polygenic: caused by a combination of genetic variations that increase vulnerability
- Multiple genes involved: 230 different genes, including those regulating dopamine and serotonin (Taylor, 2013)
- Different types of OCD: aetiologically heterogeneous, with varying genetic origins
Neural Explanation of OCD
- Role of serotonin: regulating mood, relaying information between neurons
- Low serotonin levels: impaired normal transmission, leading to low mood
- Decision-making systems:
- Impaired decision-making systems associated with OCD
- Abnormal functioning of lateral frontal lobes (logic and decisions)
- Abnormal functioning of parahippocampal gyrus (processing unpleasant emotions)
Learn about Beck's Negative Triad, a cognitive framework that explains how negative thinking patterns contribute to depression. Understand the three components of this triad: Faulty Information Processing, Negative Self-Schema, and Negative Triad. Test your knowledge of this psychological concept.
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