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What is meant by the basicity of an acid?
What is meant by the basicity of an acid?
Basicity of an acid refers to the number of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) produced per molecule of the acid in aqueous solution.
Describe a monobasic acid and provide an example.
Describe a monobasic acid and provide an example.
A monobasic acid ionizes in solution to produce one hydrogen ion per molecule, such as $HCl$.
Give an example of a tribasic acid and its characteristics.
Give an example of a tribasic acid and its characteristics.
An example of a tribasic acid is $H_3PO_4$, which produces three hydrogen ions per molecule and dissociates in three steps.
What distinguishes a dibasic acid from a monobasic acid?
What distinguishes a dibasic acid from a monobasic acid?
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What are the steps involved in the dissociation of dibasic acids?
What are the steps involved in the dissociation of dibasic acids?
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Explain the salt formation process for dibasic acids with an example.
Explain the salt formation process for dibasic acids with an example.
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What does the term 'acidity of bases' refer to?
What does the term 'acidity of bases' refer to?
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Compare the dissociation of a monobasic base with a dibasic base.
Compare the dissociation of a monobasic base with a dibasic base.
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What is one major characteristic of a tribasic acid?
What is one major characteristic of a tribasic acid?
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Identify a reaction involving a dibasic acid and its products.
Identify a reaction involving a dibasic acid and its products.
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Study Notes
Basicity of Acids
- Basicity refers to the number of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) an acid can produce or the number of hydroxyl ions it can combine with per molecule in an aqueous solution.
Monobasic Acid
- Basicity is equal to 1, indicating production of one hydrogen ion per molecule.
- Contains one replaceable hydrogen ion and dissociates in one step in solution.
- Example reaction: $HCl + H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_3O^+ + Cl^-$.
- Forms only one type of salt (normal salt), e.g., $NaOH + HCl \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O$.
- Common examples include $HCl$, $HNO_3$, and $CH_3COOH$.
Dibasic Acid
- Basicity is equal to 2, resulting in two hydrogen ions produced per molecule.
- Contains two replaceable hydrogen ions and dissociates in two steps in solution.
- Example reactions:
- $H_2SO_4 + H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_3O^+ + HSO_4^-$
- $HSO_4^- + H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_3O^+ + SO_4^{2-}$.
- Forms two types of salts (acid and normal salts), such as
- $NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow NaHSO_4 + H_2O$
- $2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$.
- Examples include $H_2SO_3$, $H_2SO_4$, and $H_2CO_3$.
Tribasic Acid
- Basicity is equal to 3, leading to the production of three hydrogen ions per molecule.
- Contains three replaceable hydrogen ions and dissociates in three steps in solution.
- Example reactions:
- $H_3PO_4 + H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_3O^+ + H_2PO_4^-$
- $H_2PO_4^- + H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_3O^+ + HPO_4^{2-}$.
- Forms three types of salts (two acid, one normal), such as
- $NaOH + H_3PO_4 \rightarrow NaH_2PO_4 + H_2O$
- $2NaOH + H_3PO_4 \rightarrow Na_2HPO_4 + 2H_2O$
- $3NaOH + H_3PO_4 \rightarrow Na_3PO_4 + 3H_2O$.
- Common example is $H_3PO_4$.
Acidity of Bases
- Acidity refers to the number of hydroxyl ions ($OH^-$) a base can produce in solution.
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Description
Test your understanding of the basicity of acids and the acidity of bases. This quiz covers the concepts around monobasic acids and their characteristics, focusing on hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. Challenge yourself with questions based on acid-base properties!
