Acids and Their Basicity

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Questions and Answers

What defines a monobasic acid?

A monobasic acid has a basicity of 1, producing one hydrogen ion per molecule in solution.

Explain the basicity of dibasic acids.

Dibasic acids have a basicity of 2, producing two hydrogen ions per molecule and dissociating in two steps.

Provide an example of a tribasic acid and describe its dissociation.

An example of a tribasic acid is H3PO4, which dissociates in three steps to produce three hydrogen ions.

How does the basicity of an acid relate to the number of replaceable hydrogen ions?

<p>The basicity of an acid is equal to the number of replaceable hydrogen ions it contains per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics define a monoacidic base?

<p>A monoacidic base has an acidity of 1, producing one hydroxyl ion per molecule in solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the dissociation steps involved with dibasic acids using H2SO4 as an example.

<p>H2SO4 dissociates in two steps to produce HSO4- and then SO42-, releasing two hydrogen ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of dissociation in understanding acid and base strength?

<p>Dissociation reveals how many ions an acid or base releases in solution, indicating its strength and basicity/acidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different types of salts can a tribasic acid form?

<p>A tribasic acid can form three types of salts: two acid salts and one normal salt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a monoacidic base and its dissociation equation.

<p>An example of a monoacidic base is NaOH, which dissociates to Na+ + OH-.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Basicity of Acids

  • Basicity refers to the number of hydrogen ions (H+) an acid produces in an aqueous solution.

  • Monobasic Acid

    • Basicity = 1
    • Produces one hydrogen ion per molecule.
    • Contains one replaceable hydrogen ion; dissociates in one step.
    • Example: HCl → H3O+ + Cl-
    • Forms only one type of salt (normal salt).
    • Example reaction: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
    • Examples include HCl, HNO3, CH3COOH (acetic acid).
  • Dibasic Acid

    • Basicity = 2
    • Produces two hydrogen ions per molecule; contains two replaceable hydrogen ions.
    • Dissociates in two steps.
    • Example reactions: H2SO4 dissociates to produce HSO4- and SO42-.
    • Forms two types of salts (acid and normal salt).
    • Example: NaOH + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + H2O or Na2SO4.
    • Examples include H2SO3, H2SO4, H2CO3.
  • Tribasic Acid

    • Basicity = 3
    • Produces three hydrogen ions per molecule; contains three replaceable hydrogen ions.
    • Dissociates in three steps.
    • Example reactions: H3PO4 dissociates to produce H2PO4-, HPO42-, and PO43-.
    • Forms three types of salts (two acid, one normal).
    • Example: NaOH + H3PO4 → NaH2PO4 + H2O.
    • Examples include H3PO4.

Acidity of Bases

  • Acidity refers to the number of hydroxyl ions (OH-) a base produces in an aqueous solution.
  • Monoacidic Base
    • Acidity = 1
    • Produces one hydroxyl ion per molecule; contains one replaceable hydroxyl ion.
    • Dissociates in one step in aqueous solution.
    • Example: NaOH dissociates to produce Na+ and OH-.

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