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Questions and Answers
What term describes a disease that has a sudden and severe onset?
What term describes a disease that has a sudden and severe onset?
What is the term for the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue?
What is the term for the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue?
What is the main defense mechanism of white blood cells that involves engulfing foreign organisms?
What is the main defense mechanism of white blood cells that involves engulfing foreign organisms?
The totality of bodily defenses against infectious diseases is known as what?
The totality of bodily defenses against infectious diseases is known as what?
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Which term refers to a strategy of treatment that prioritizes symptom relief over curing the primary disease?
Which term refers to a strategy of treatment that prioritizes symptom relief over curing the primary disease?
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What is the term for a disease characterized by excessive thirst and frequent urination?
What is the term for a disease characterized by excessive thirst and frequent urination?
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Which of the following best defines chronic disease?
Which of the following best defines chronic disease?
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What does the term 'pathology' refer to in the context of medicine?
What does the term 'pathology' refer to in the context of medicine?
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What is the correct tool used for listening to sounds within the body?
What is the correct tool used for listening to sounds within the body?
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Which term describes a disease affecting many people in a given region at the same time?
Which term describes a disease affecting many people in a given region at the same time?
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What is the primary definition of hyperplasia?
What is the primary definition of hyperplasia?
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Which option correctly defines phagocytosis?
Which option correctly defines phagocytosis?
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What describes a nosocomial infection?
What describes a nosocomial infection?
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What primarily causes infectious diseases?
What primarily causes infectious diseases?
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Which of the following is NOT a category of disease mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a category of disease mentioned?
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Which of these diseases is categorized as a degenerative disease?
Which of these diseases is categorized as a degenerative disease?
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Neoplasia refers to which of the following?
Neoplasia refers to which of the following?
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What defines metabolic disorders?
What defines metabolic disorders?
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Which type of disorder involves the body making antibodies to its own tissues?
Which type of disorder involves the body making antibodies to its own tissues?
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What is one consequence of degenerative diseases?
What is one consequence of degenerative diseases?
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Which disorder arises from the body's immune system being unable to function properly?
Which disorder arises from the body's immune system being unable to function properly?
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Congenital malformations fall under which category of diseases?
Congenital malformations fall under which category of diseases?
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Which statement about metabolic disorders is accurate?
Which statement about metabolic disorders is accurate?
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Which term describes a disease that occurs continuously at a low level in a region?
Which term describes a disease that occurs continuously at a low level in a region?
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What does 'hypertrophy' refer to in medical terms?
What does 'hypertrophy' refer to in medical terms?
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Which process involves the ingestion and destruction of harmful microorganisms by cells?
Which process involves the ingestion and destruction of harmful microorganisms by cells?
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What is the meaning of 'malabsorption'?
What is the meaning of 'malabsorption'?
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Which treatment method involves the use of drugs to suppress or stimulate the immune system?
Which treatment method involves the use of drugs to suppress or stimulate the immune system?
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What is the primary cause of cancer as indicated by the term 'malignant'?
What is the primary cause of cancer as indicated by the term 'malignant'?
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What does the suffix '-megaly' refer to in medical terminology?
What does the suffix '-megaly' refer to in medical terminology?
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What is the term for the sudden, severe onset of a disease?
What is the term for the sudden, severe onset of a disease?
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What term describes an organism that can cause disease?
What term describes an organism that can cause disease?
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What does the term 'spasm' refer to in a medical context?
What does the term 'spasm' refer to in a medical context?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology: Disease and Treatment
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Learning Objectives:
- Define basic terms related to disease and treatment
- List major categories of diseases
- Identify key medical terminology related to disease and treatment
- Interpret medical abbreviations and terms
Disease Classification
- A disease is any disorder of normal body function
- Diseases can be grouped into categories
- Infectious diseases
- Degenerative diseases
- Neoplasia
- Immune disorders
- Metabolic disorders
- Hormonal disorders
- Mental and emotional disorders
Infectious Diseases
- Caused by harmful microorganisms and parasites
- Disease-causing agent is called a pathogen
- Pathogens live at the expense of another organism
Degenerative Diseases
- Result from wear and tear, aging, and trauma
- Lead to lesions and necrosis (tissue death)
- Examples include arthritis, cardiovascular problems, emphysema, congenital malformations, prolapses, and hernias
Neoplasia
- Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue
Immune Disorders
- Include failures of the immune system, allergies, and autoimmune diseases
- The body makes antibodies to its own tissues
Metabolic Disorders
- Result from a lack of enzymes or other factors needed for cellular functions
- Many hereditary disorders fall into this category
Hormonal Disorders
- Caused by underproduction or overproduction of hormones, or an inability of hormones to function properly
Mental and Emotional Disorders
- Affect the mind and adaptation of an individual to their environment
Key Terms: Disease
- Acute: Sudden, severe, short course
- Chronic: Long duration, progresses slowly
- Etiology: Cause of a disease
- Immunity: Body's defenses against infectious disease
- Pathogen: Organism capable of causing disease
- Microorganism: Organism too small to be seen without a microscope
- Phagocytosis: Ingestion of organisms by a cell (usually white blood cells)
Key Terms: Disease (Continued)
- Malignant: Growing worse, harmful, invasive tumor, tends to cause death
- Benign: Not harmful, noninvasive
- Hyperplasia: Excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangement
- Hypertrophy: Increase in size of organ, not number of cells
- Gangrene: Death of tissue, usually due to lack of blood supply (may be associated with bacterial infection)
- Necrosis: Death of tissue
Key Terms: Disease (Continued)
- Systemic Disease: Pertaining to the entire body
- Edema: Accumulation of fluid in tissues, swelling
- Pus: Product of inflammation consisting of fluid and white blood cells
- Sepsis: Presence of harmful microorganisms or toxins in blood or tissues
- Toxin: Poison
- Trauma: Physical or psychological wound
- Lesion: Damaged tissue, injury
Key Terms: Disease (Continued)
- Endemic: Occurs at a low level continuously in a given region
- Epidemic: Affects many people in a given region at the same time
- Pandemic: Disease prevalent throughout a region or the world
- Nosocomial: Infection acquired in a hospital
Key Terms: Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis: Determining the cause and nature of an illness
- Surgery: Treating a disease or injury using manual operations
- Therapy: Treatment or intervention
- Anesthesia: Loss of sensation, pain relief usually by administration of a drug
- Chemotherapy: Using chemicals to treat disease often for cancer
- Immunotherapy: Stimulating or suppressing the immune system (specifically or non-specifically)
- Contraindication: Factor that makes drug use undesirable or dangerous
Key Terms: Diagnosis and Treatment (Continued)
- Vital Signs: Measurements reflecting basic life functions
- Symptom: Evidence of disease (often subjective)
- Inspection: Visual examination of the body
- Palpation: Examining by touching the body to feel characteristics
- Auscultation: Listening to sounds of the body (typically chest or abdomen)
- Stethoscope: Instrument used to listen to body sounds
- Endoscope: Instrument for examining inside of an organ or cavity (often using fiber optics)
Word Parts/Drug Terminology
- -tropic: Acting on something (e.g., psychotropic)
- anti-: Against (e.g., antinemetic)
- contra-: Against, opposite, opposed (e.g., contraceptice)
- hypn/o: Sleep
- pyr/o, pyret/o: Fever
- vas/o: Vessel
Word Parts/Disease and Diagnosis Terminology
- dys-: Abnormal, painful, difficult (e.g., dysplasia)
- mal-: Bad, poor (e.g., malabsorption)
- tachy-: Rapid (e.g., tachycardia)
- xero-: Dry (e.g., xeroderma)
- -megaly: Enlargement (e.g., hepatomegaly)
- -pathy: Any disease of (e.g., nephropathy)
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential medical terms and concepts. This quiz covers various definitions related to diseases, immune responses, and treatment strategies. Ideal for students or anyone interested in the field of medicine.
