Medical Terminology Chapter 9

Nephrology Terminology Overview

• Nephropyosis: Refers to the presence of pus in the kidney, indicating an infectious process.
• Diuresis: Describes a condition characterized by increased urine production, often relevant in diagnosing kidney function.
• Pyelonephritis: A serious inflammation affecting both the kidney and renal pelvis, commonly resulting from bacterial infection.
• Nephropexy: Surgical procedure aimed at fixing a floating or mobile kidney to its proper anatomical position.
• KUB (Kidney, Ureter, Bladder): A radiographic imaging technique that examines the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without the use of contrast media.

Urological Conditions

• Ureterolith: A medical term for the presence of a stone within the ureter, which can cause obstruction and pain.
• Lithotripsy: A non-invasive treatment technique that utilizes ultrasonic waves to break down kidney stones into smaller pieces for easier passage.
• Medulla: The inner region of the kidney, responsible for collecting urine from the nephrons.
• Cystalgia: A term indicating pain originating from the bladder, which can signal conditions like cystitis.
• Ureterectasis: The abnormal distension or dilation of a ureter, often due to obstruction.

Surgical Procedures and Abnormalities

• Cystolith: Refers to the formation of a stone within the bladder, which may obstruct urine flow and cause discomfort.
• Hydronephrosis: A condition marked by the swelling of a kidney due to a blockage preventing the normal flow of urine.
• Dysuria: Describes painful urination, which can be a symptom of various urinary tract infections or other conditions.
• Nocturnal enuresis: Commonly known as bedwetting, this condition affects children and can also persist into adulthood.
• Ureteroplasty: A surgical procedure that involves repairing a damaged or obstructed ureter.

Bladder and Urethral Structures

• Cystoplasty: A surgical technique for fixing the bladder to the abdominal wall to improve stability and function.
• Paraspadias: A congenital condition marked by an abnormal urethral opening located on one side of the penis.
• Nephrolithiasis: The presence of kidney stones, often leading to severe pain and urinary complications.
• Polyuria: Excessive urination that may indicate underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus.
• Ureters: Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, essential for the renal excretory system.

Advanced Conditions and Procedures

• Nephrolithotony: A surgical approach to remove kidney stones through an incision in the kidney.
• Hyperproteinuria: An abnormal condition characterized by elevated protein levels in urine, which can indicate kidney damage or disease.
• Uremia: A toxic condition resulting from excessive levels of urea and metabolic waste products in the blood, often due to kidney failure.
• Catheterization: The medical process of inserting a tube through the urethra into the bladder for various diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to the kidneys and urinary system with this quiz. Explore key terms like nephropyosis, diuresis, and pyelonephritis to enhance your understanding. Perfect for students or anyone interested in medical terminology.