Basic Matrix Operations

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic of a polynomial function determines the maximum possible number of x-intercepts?

  • The y-intercept of the function.
  • The number of terms in the polynomial.
  • The degree of the polynomial. (correct)
  • The coefficient of the leading term.

A horizontal line test is used to determine what property of a function?

  • Continuity
  • Differentiability
  • Surjectivity
  • Injectivity (correct)

What term describes the x-intercepts of a polynomial function?

  • Vertices
  • Roots (correct)
  • Discontinuities
  • Asymptotes

What is the general shape of the graph of a cubic polynomial function?

<p>Cubic Parabola (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't a quadratic function be an even function if its leading exponent is even?

<p>Because the leading exponent is even. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of graph results from plotting a standard quadratic function?

<p>Parabola (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of function has a straight line that is oblique?

<p>Linear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are straight lines that a polynomial function approaches but does not intersect, as x approaches infinity, called?

<p>Asymptotes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a function's graph is a horizontal line, what type of function is it?

<p>Constant Function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The graph of a radical function typically resembles which conic section?

<p>Equilateral Hyperbola (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is LEAST likely to influence the number of x-intercepts of a polynomial function?

<p>The leading coefficient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a function f(x). If a horizontal line intersects the graph of f(x) at more than one point, what can be concluded?

<p>f(x) is not injective. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A polynomial function has roots at x = -2, x = 0, and x = 3. Which of the following is a possible equation for this function?

<p>$f(x) = x(x + 2)(x - 3)$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following transformations, when applied to a cubic polynomial, would NOT change its fundamental classification as a cubic polynomial?

<p>Adding a quadratic polynomial. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A quadratic function is symmetric with respect to its axis of symmetry. If a quadratic function has a root at x = 2 and its axis of symmetry is the line x = 4, what is the other root?

<p>x = 6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a function is defined such that its graph never decreases or increases, but remains constant for all values of x, which of the following is true?

<p>The function is constant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the function $f(x) = \sqrt{x^2 + a}$, where 'a' is a positive constant. As x becomes very large (approaches infinity), which type of curve does the graph of this function most closely resemble?

<p>A straight line with a positive slope. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of real roots that a polynomial function of degree 5 can have?

<p>5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The graph of a function has a horizontal asymptote at y = 2. Which of the following statements must be true?

<p>The function approaches 2 as x approaches infinity or negative infinity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a quadratic function $f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c$ has no real roots, what does this imply about its graph?

<p>The graph does not intersect the x-axis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

How to determine x-intercepts?

The number of x- intercepts in a function is determined by the highest exponent.

Horizontal line test

A horizontal line test is used to determine if a function is injective.

What are x-intercepts called?

The x-intercepts of a polynomial function are called roots.

Cubic parabola

The graph of a 3rd-degree polynomial function is called a cubic parabola.

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Why quadratics can't be odd.

A quadratic function cannot be even because its highest exponent is two, which is an even number. However, the quadratic term dominates the function's behavior.

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Parabola

The graph of a quadratic function is called a parabola.

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Linear function

A function where a straight line is oblique is a linear function.

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Asymptotes

Straight lines that determine the trajectory of a polynomial function are called asymptotes.

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Constant function

A function whose graph is a horizontal line is a constant function.

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Equilateral hyperbola

The graph of a radical function is called an equilateral hyperbola.

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Study Notes

Basic Matrix Operations

Scalar Multiplication

  • A matrix $A$ can be multiplied by a scalar $k$, where $k$ is a real number ($k \in \mathbb{R}$) or a complex number ($k \in \mathbb{C}$).
  • Scalar multiplication involves multiplying each element of the matrix by the scalar.
  • If $A = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} \ a_{21} & a_{22} \end{bmatrix}$, then $kA = \begin{bmatrix} ka_{11} & ka_{12} \ ka_{21} & ka_{22} \end{bmatrix}$.

Matrix Addition

  • Matrices $A$ and $B$ can be added together if they have the same dimensions.
  • Matrix addition involves adding corresponding elements of the matrices.
  • If $A = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} \ a_{21} & a_{22} \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} b_{11} & b_{12} \ b_{21} & b_{22} \end{bmatrix}$, then $A + B = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} + b_{11} & a_{12} + b_{12} \ a_{21} + b_{21} & a_{22} + b_{22} \end{bmatrix}$.

Matrix Multiplication

  • Matrices $A$ and $B$ can be multiplied together if the number of columns in matrix $A$ is equal to the number of rows in matrix $B$.
  • If $A$ is an $m \times n$ matrix and $B$ is an $n \times p$ matrix, then the product matrix $AB$ is an $m \times p$ matrix.
  • To find an element $c_{ij}$ of the product matrix, use the formula $c_{ij} = \sum_{k=1}^{n} a_{ik}b_{kj}$.
  • $c_{ij}$ is the dot product of the i-th row of matrix $A$ and the j-th column of matrix $B$.
  • Example: $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 \ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 6 \ 7 & 8 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 \cdot 5 + 2 \cdot 7 & 1 \cdot 6 + 2 \cdot 8 \ 3 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 7 & 3 \cdot 6 + 4 \cdot 8 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 19 & 22 \ 43 & 50 \end{bmatrix}$

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